Hobbies
Hobbies differ like tastes. If you have chosen a hobby according to your character and taste you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting.
Hobbies are divided into four large groups: doing things, making things, collecting things, and learning things.
The most popular of all hobby groups is doing things. It includes a wide variety of activities, from gardening to travelling and from chess to volleyball.
Gardening is one of the oldest man's hobbies. It is a well-known fact that the English are very fond of gardening and growing flowers, especially roses.
Both grown-ups and children are fond of playing different computer games. This is a relatively new hobby but it is becoming more and more popular.
Making things includes drawing, painting, making sculpture, designing costumes, handicrafts. Two of the most famous hobby painters were President Eisenhower and Sir Winston Churchill. Some hobbyists write music or play musical instruments. President Bill Clinton, for example, plays the saxophone.
Almost everyone collects something at some period in his life: stamps, coins, matchboxes, books, records, postcards, toys, watches. Some collections have no real value. Others become so large and so valuable that they are housed in museums and galleries. Many world-famous collections started in a small way with one or two items. People with a good deal of money often collect paintings, rare books and other art objects. Such private collections are sometimes given to museums, libraries and picture galleries so that others might take pleasure in seeing them.
No matter what kind of hobby a person has, he always has the opportunity of learning much from it. By reading about the things he is interested in he is adding to what he knows. Learning new things can be the most exciting aspect of a hobby.
а) Про яке хобі йдеться у кожному випадку?
I usually use colour, but sometimes you get a better effect with black and white. It really depends on the subject.
I try to practise every day, but sometimes it’s difficult because I don’t like to disturb my neighbours too much. And one neighbour gets very angry if I play the same thing over and over again.
I joined a club because I wanted to get better and now I play twice a week in the evenings. It has helped me a lot and I have a much better memory for all the different moves and strategies.
б) Доповніть речення необхідним дієсловом: do, play, joined, collects, made, go, took up, gave it up.
How often do you ... jogging?
She ... because she wanted to get more exercises. Unfortunately, she didn’t like it and she ... about six months later.
She has always ... her own clothes; it’s much cheaper than buying them.
He ... old coins.
I ... quite a lot of rock climbing when I’m on holiday.
I learned to ... the piano when I was at school.
I wanted to improve my chess, so I ... a chess club.
I don’t really ... anything in my spare time.
ІІ. Граматичний матеріал.Тема: Іменник. Множина іменника. Присвійний відмінок.
1. Ознайомтесь з теоретичним матеріалом з теми.
Читайте більше на http://opentalk.org.ua/langstory/mnozhina-imennikiv
Або у будь-якому довіднику з граматики на Ваш вибір.
Читайте більше на http://opentalk.org.ua/langstory/prisviinii-vidminok
Або у будь-якому довіднику з граматики на Ваш вибір.
Вправа 1. Утворіть множину поданих іменників:
product, fuel, seat, prestige, country, price, gas, factor, colour, limousine, road, passenger, salesman, airbag, wheel, cylinder, engine, tyre, mobility, money, woman, penknife.
Вправа 2. Прочитайте і перекладіть українською мовою.
My brother’s flat is large.
The girl’s dress is pretty.
These are Byron’s poems.
The students’ answers are correct.
My daughter-in-law’s room is small.
Вправа 3. Перефразуйте словосполучення за зразком.
the room of my sister – my sisters’ room
the friends of my sisters – my sisters’ friends
1. the brother of my mother; 2. the friend of my sister; 3. the husband of his daughter; 4. the house of my parents; 5. the notebook of this student; 6. the books of these students; 7. the room of Pete; 8. the daughter of Ann.
Вправа 4. Поставте речення у множині.
1. This is a spider. 2. That is a snail. 3. This is a space film. 4. That is acartoon. 5. This is a star. 6. This is a boy. 7. This is a baby. 8. That is a plate. 9. That is a flower. 10. That is a bookshelf. 11. Is this a sofa? 12. Is this a bookcase? 13. Is this a man? 14. Is that a ball? 15. Is that a train?
ІІІ. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням.
1. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст.
DR. SIGMUND FREUD'S MUSEUM IN LONDON
Sigmund Freud was a doctor who lived in Vienna, the capital of Austria, from 1859 until 1938. While he was still at university Freud decided to specialize in neurology, the study and treatment of the brain and the nervous system. In 1885, just before he got married, he obtained a grant to go to Paris to see the famous neurologist Jean Martin Charcot.
Charcot worked with men and women who suffered from hysteria. At first sight they appeared to be blind, or are paralysed in a part of their body, or cannot stop coughing, or have some other physical symptom. But Charcot used hypnosis to show that the real problem was a mental one — under hypnosis he could get them to walk or see. Freud realised from this demonstration the power that the mind could have over the body, and he came back from Paris determined to make a name for himself in this new field of study.
Gradually more and more patients came to see Freud, and with each patient he tried to learn something new about his work. He also tried to analyse himself. He realized that some of the ideas that affect people are unconscious — we do not know about them even though they are in our own minds. Freud said that this means that people may do things without knowing the real reason why they are doing it.
He also showed that the unconscious is full of memories and ideas from early childhood, but they are «ге-pressed» and made unconscious because they are things we don't want to think about, or they are forbidden.
Freud believed in an idea which is still often heard today, that «the child is father to the adult», and because of his views many adults today think about children in a different way to before.
Freud also showed that sometimes the repressed ideas from childhood could show themselves in dreams or nightmares, and one of his most famous books was called The Interpretation Of Dreams. The first dream Freud interpreted was when he was on holiday at a place called «Bellvue».
Freud says that dreams are about all the things we wish for. But rather than just wishing for something, the dream shows us a picture as if the wish has come true. So instead of thinking «I wish I had an ice-cream», a dream shows you actually eating the ice-cream!
But sometimes you are not allowed to have an icecream. Freud said that the wish is often forbidden, so it becomes unconscious and repressed. So part of you wants to make the wish come true and part of you wants to stop the wish. Because of this the wish is disguised, which means that the dream has to be interpreted before it makes sense. That's why Freud called his book The Interpretation of Dreams.
One of the most important things Freud discovered was what he called «The Oedipus complex*. The Oedipus story was a Greek myth about a man who killed his father, the king, and married his mother. In the story Oedipus also had to solve the «riddle of the Sphinx*, by answering the three questions the Sphinx asked him.
Freud thought that all little boys of 4 or 5 years old were like Oedipus in the story. When they say «I wish I could have mummy all to myself and that daddy was gone away* they are wanting to be just like Oedipus. But this wish cannot be granted — no one can have their mummy all to themselves— so the child has to learn to grow up and accept his disappointment. It was when his own father died that Freud began the study of dreams which led him to discover the Oedipus complex.
Gradually Freud developed the theory of Psychoanaly-sis,and the method of helping people he called free association. With free association Freud simply asked his patients to lie on the couch and say anything that came into their heads. He tried to interpret what they said by relating it to the repressed ideas and wishes in the unconscious. In this way he hoped that things which were unconscious would gradually become conscious, so that the patient would have more control over them and they would not be able to affect him or her so much.
Vocabulary:
study — исследование treatment — зд. лечение brain — мозг to obtain — получать to suffer — страдать hysteria [hi'stiono] — истерия to cough [kof] — кашлять hypnosis [hip'nausis] — гипноз determined — решив gradually — постепенно unconscious — бессознательныйforbidden •— запрещенный nightmares — ночные кошмары to come true — сбываться to disguise [dis'gaiz] — скрывать to make sense — иметь смысл riddle — ['ndlj загадка, тайна disappointment — разочарование couch — кушетка, оттоманка by relating — зд. соотнося to affect — влиять
2. The following questions are asked by the guide in the London Museum of Freud. Try to answer them:
What is the most famous appliance used in modern times named after Charcot?
Have you ever done anything without knowing the real reason until afterwards? What was it?
What does it mean that «the child is father to the adult»? Do you think it is true?
Why do you think people like solving riddles?
Do you think everyone has an Oedipus complex, or do you think it was something Freud made up?
What other situations do you know when the mind affects the body?
Практичне заняття №4
Тема: Риси характеру людини.
І. Робота над текстом за темою заняття.
1. a) Перекладіть назви рис характеру людини українською мовою. Запишіть їх у дві колонки: virtuous characteristics (позитивні риси) та evil characteristics (негативні риси).
Amiable, disobedient, unreliable, good-natured, ill-tempered, kind, kind-hearted, haughty, communicative, arrogant, sociable, modest, attentive, impudent, thoughtful, boastful, greedy, selfish, unrestrained, reasonable, calm, patient, sympathetic, honest, polite, capricious, bright, irritable, wise, sly, cruel, intelligent, rude, capable, coarse, diligent, hard-working, jealous, just, frank, sincere, mean, trustworthy, courageous.
b) Опишіть характер людини, яку ви знаєте, використовуючи слова із частини а).
2. Поєднайте початок і кінець речень. Перекладіть утворені речення українською.
1. He was very proud when a) someone stole his money.
2. He was very jealous when b) his father appeared on TV with the Prime Minister.
3. He was very embarrassed when c) he heard that his aunt had died.
4. He was very angry when d) he saw those big dogs running towards him.
5. He was very sad when e) he bought her a birthday present on the wrong day.
6. He was very frightened when f) his best friend went out with the girl he really liked.
3. Дайте відповіді на запитання.
Would you feel embarrassed or upset if you forgot your mother’s or your father’s birthday?
Do you ever feel frightened in a car (as a passenger) because you are going very fast?
Do you get angry when other people want you to do things that you don’t want to do?
If you made a stupid mistake in English, would you feel embarrassed?
Is there anything that you are very proud of?
Are there any common situations where you sometimes feel embarrassed?
ІІ. Граматичний матеріал. Тема: Артиклі.
Читайте більше на
http://opentalk.org.ua/langstory/artikl-%E2%80%9Dthe%E2%80%9D-staviti-chi-ni
http://opentalk.org.ua/langstory/vzhivannya-neoznachenogo-artiklya
http://opentalk.org.ua/langstory/tipovi-pomilki-pri-vzhivanni-artikliv
http://opentalk.org.ua/langstory/artikl-z-vlasnimi-imenami
або у будь-якому граматичному довіднику на Ваш бибір.
1. Вставте артикльa/an, the, де необхідно
1. ….. moon goes round ….. earth every 27 days.
2. Did you see ….. film on ….. TV or at ….. cinema?
3. After ….. breakfast we went for a walk by ….. sea.
4. There is ….. theatre not far from ….. our house. ….. theatre is very beautiful.
5. Tom lives in ….. small village in ….. country.
6. ….. butter and ….. cheese are made of ….. milk.
7. Here is ….. book you wanted.
8. It is ….. beautiful day. ….. sun is shining brightly in ….. sky.
9. What is ….. highest mountain in ….. world?
10.….. Volga is ….. longest river in ….. European part of ….. Russia.
11.….. children like ….. ice-cream.
12.What ….. beautiful weather! Let’s go for ….. walk!
13.Would you like ….. cup of tea?
14.I usually go to …..bed at 11 o’clock.
15.Passme…..sugar,please.
2.Виберіть правильний варіант використання артикля в наступних реченнях
1. Apples / the apples are good for you.
2. Look at apples / the apples on that tree! They are very large.
3. Women / the women are often better teachers than men / the men.
4. In Britain coffee / the coffee is more expensive than tea / the tea.
5. We had a very nice meal in that restaurant. Cheese / the cheese was
especially good.
6. Do you know people / the people who live next door?
7. Many children don’t like to go to school / the school.
8. After work / the work, Ann usually goes home / to home.
9. All criminals must be sent to prison / the prison for their crimes.
10. When Max was ill, we all went to hospital / the hospital to visit her.
11. I like to read in bed / the bed before going to sleep.
12. How many people go to university / the university in your country?
13. Have you ever visited Tower of London / the Tower of London?
14. The British Prime Minister lives in Downing Street / the Downing Street.
15. Mr. Brown’s wife likes to read Times / the Times.
ІІІ. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням.
1. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст.
PROZAC - DISCOVERING HAPPINESS?
Since the introduction of Thorazine, various drugs to treat mental illness have been developed. Psychiatrists have prescribed them, and they have been found to work with varying degrees of effectiveness for different people and conditions, while causing a range of side effects. There has been a new antidepressant on the market every two or three years.
In 1987, the antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac) was introduced. It had been tested and found to be an effective antidepressant with fewer than usual side effects. Doctors began to prescribe it to depressed patients. The results were astonishing. Patients reported feeling «bet-ter than well». It not only eased their depression, but seemed to give them a new look at themselves. Prozac users felt they were discovering their own true personalities for the first time, uninhibited by a vague weight that had bogged them down before. It seemed to make cautious people more spontaneous, the introverted more outgoing, the timid more confident. In short, it seemed to improve people's personalities, at least in making them more socially attractive.
Within two years, pharmacies were filling 65,000 Prozac prescriptions per month — in the United States alone. Within five years, 4.5 million Americans had taken it. This was the fastest acceptance ever for a psychiatric drug. And because it seemed to go beyond treating illness and actually improve people it gained the status of a celebrity. As Peter Kramer wrote in Listening to Prozac, «Prozac enjoyed the career of a true celebrity — renown, followed by rumors, then notoriety, scandal, and lawsuits, and finally a quiet rehabilitation*.
Reports emerged that some patients felt more suicidal on Prozac. Lawyers began to defend murder suspects by saying that whatever they did, it was under the influence of a drug — Prozac. There was a backlash to the use of the drug, followed by a smaller backlash to the backlash, until Prozac left the front pages and returned to the pharmacist's formulary.
Still, it had opened a new window on an old question about personality and mental health — how much of it is biological, and how much experiential?
2. Ознайомтеся за словником, затранскребуйте слова. Підготуйте їх до словникового диктанту.
Vocabulary:
mental illness — психическое заболевание
side effect — побочный эффект
astonishing — удивительный
to ease — облегчать
uninhibited — несдерживаемые
vague — неопределенный, расплывчатый
bog — болото, трясина зд. to get ged down in — вязнуть
cautious — осторожный
spontaneous — спонтанный
introverted — иптровертный, скрытный
timid — ['timid] робкий
pharmacy — ал., аптека
notoriety — знаменитость, известная личность lawsuits — судебные иски
toemerge — появляться, происходить
backlash — обратная реакция.
3. Дайте відповіді на запитання.
General understanding:
1. How often according to the text the antidepressant was prescribed?
2. What is Prozac?
3. What effect did it have on patients?
4. Why did Peter Kramer refer to Prozac as a «celebrity»?
5. How did lawyers use the influence of Prozac?
модуль самостійної роботи
СТРУКТУРА АНГЛІЙСЬКОГО РЕЧЕННЯ
Дайте відповіді на запитання.
1. Які існують типи речень відповідно до мети висловлювання? Наведіть приклади.
2. Які існують типи запитань в англійській мові? Наведіть приклади.
3. На які дві основні групи поділяються члени речення?
4. Назвіть головні і другорядні члени англійського речення.
5. Якою частиною мови може бути виражено підмет (присудок, додаток, означення, обставина)? Наведіть приклади.
6. Чи є порядок слів в англійській мові сталим?
7. Що називається прямим порядком слів в англійському стверджувальному реченні? Наведіть приклади.
8. Який порядок слів називається інверсійним?
9. Які типи речень вимагають інверсійного порядку слів? Проілюструйте свою відповідь прикладами.
Вправи
Визначте типи речень за метою висловлювання.
The students hardly ever use the language laboratory.
The new school claims to teach students all the English they need in a few months.
Please, don’t talk in the corridor because there is an examination in the lecture hall.
The mere thought of exams makes me feel ill.
His tests results are not very consistent.
Please, be brief. I haven’t got long.
We can’t teach him anything.
How many subjects is Sam studying at school?
Визначте типи запитань.
Would you prefer tea, coffee or mineral water?
It can’t be so easy, can it?
Do they live here?
Could you wash up?
This mirror was expensive, wasn’t it?
How well do you know him?
Can you do it or can’t you?
How is it done?
Визначте головні та другорядні члени речення. Назвіть частини мови, якими вони виражені.
He sent this letter by post.
Nobody is perfect.
My father is an engineer.
Yesterday I saw a helicopter.
She gave me a table spoon.
I found my keys in the drawer.
The town has changed greatly.
Рекомендована література
1. Каушанская В. Л. Грамматика английского языка. – М., 2000. – 320с.
2. Каушанская В. Л. Сборник упражнений по грамматике английского языка. – М., 2000. – 216с.
3. Миштал М. Тематические тесты по английскому языку: Пособие. – К.: Знання, 2007. – 352с.
4. Угарова Е. В. Английская грамматика в таблицах. – 2-е изд. – М.: Айрис-пресс, 2007. – 128с.
ФОНЕТИКА
Дайте відповіді на запитання.
1. Скільки літер та звуків існує в англійській мові?
2. Назвіть англійські голосні: монофтонги та дифтонги.
3. Якими є основні принципи класифікації англійський голосних звуків?
4. Якими є основні принципи класифікації англійських приголосних звуків?
5. Назвіть шумні та сонорні приголосні англійської мови.
6. Скільки типів складів існує в англійській мові? Опишіть їх та наведіть приклади.
7. Опишіть фонетичні процеси асиміляції, редукції та злиття. Наведіть приклади.
8. Назвіть правила англійського словесного наголосу. Наведіть приклади.
9. Якими є основні типи наголосу в англійському реченні? Наведіть приклади.
10. Які ви знаєте основні інтонаційні моделі англійської мови?
Вправи
Запишіть у транскрипції подані слова. Зверніться до словника, якщо це необхідно. Потренуйтеся у правильному прочитанні слів.
Name, day, face, place, hat, sad, and, park, start, far, care, mare, share, change, daughter, we, region, bed, help, left, person, verb, sphere, newspaper, key, monkey, rise, type, big, system, symbol, first, firm, myrtle, tyre, fire, high, night, light, home, smoke, hotel, clock, north, forty, before, prove, famous, low, show, human, use, but, sun, put, hurt, turn, pure, procedure, character, technical, chemistry, handsome, knowledge, special, sign, honest, hour, honour, knee, know, knife, bomb, climb, autumn, column, unique, technique, sugar, sure, television, conclusion, pleasure, measure, science, listen, wrestling, position, action, lecture, picture, future, nature, while, who, whole, write, wrong, next, text, exist, exit, example.
Правильно прочитайте наступні словосполучення.
Pepper pot, to buy a big bottle of beer, first floor, closed door, a black coffee cup, going to England again, at the same time, tomorrow morning, an apartment in the centre of London, sleeping and dreaming, in the front of the photograph, a lovely view, biscuits and ice-cream, to be chosen for the prize, a path through the thick woods, this thing is theirs, sheets and shirts, Helen’s husband, to read a rhyme, would you like?, a librarian in a public library, away from Washington, few years, chicken chops, a manager at the agency, three teas, English weather, let them, a sad man with a camera, a car-park, a doctor in the hospital, stop talking, naughty audience, a full pool, love it very much, to learn Turkish, another parasol, make a mistake, an awful joke, snow in October, quiet as mice, a town on the mountain, her boyfriend Roy, nearly in tears, upstairs and downstairs, for sure, curious tourists.
Рекомендована література
1. Ерко О. Практическая фонетика английского языка: Учеб. пособие. – К.: ООО «ИП Логос», 2005. – 272с.
2. Практический курс английского языка: 1 курс: Учеб. для студ. пед. вузов / Под ред. В. Д. Аракина. – М.: Гуманит. изд. центр ВЛАДОС, 2002. – 544с.
3. Сьомова С. В. Ключик до країни знань: Англійська мова. – Донецьк: ТОВ ВКФ «БАО», 2004. – 48с.