V. Структура предложения

• При построении предложения следует помнить о том, что в отличие от русского языка, порядок слов в английском языке является фиксированным, т.е. каждый член предложения имеет свое место

Обстоятельство времени	подлежащее	сказуемое	Косвенное дополнение без предлога	Прямое дополнение	Косвенное дополнение с предлогом	Обстоятельство образа действия	Обстоятельство места	Обстоятельство времени
(Когда?)	Кто? Что?	Что делает?	Кому? Чему?	Кого? Что?		Как?	Где?	Когда?
(Today)	I	write	you	a long* letter	about my* holidays			today
(In the evening)	we	sing		folk* songs			at home	in the evening
	This* girl	draws		pictures		well

*Определение стоит перед определяемым словом (перед подлежащим, дополнением) и не меняет общей схемы предложения.

Упражнение 47. Составьте предложения из данных слов:

1. plays / football / my / every week-end / brother

2. children / at school / learn / every day / many things

3. a newspaper / father / us / aloud / reads / in the evenings

4. Sue / at home / on Sundays / stays

5. / in the morning / buy / I / bread / in the bakery

• C настоящим простым временем часто употребляются следующие обстоятельства времени:

always

usually

often

sometimes

ever

never

rarely

seldom

also

just

already

still

all

both

Такие слова обычно стоят перед смысловым глаголом, но после формы глагола to be

I usually work on Saturday.

They don’t often go to the cinema.

Does he always go to bed at 10.00?

I never read German newspapers.

She is sometimes late for her classes.

We are rarely at home at weekends.

Упражнение 48.

a) Поставьте обстоятельства времени:

1) Mike buys vegetables at the market (always). 2) The children don’t get up at 6 о'clock in the morning (usually). 3) I write letters to my relatives and friends (very seldom). 4) My mother travels abroad on business (never). 5) We have picnics in summer (sometimes). 6) My cousin eats eggs, he is a vegetarian (rarely). 7) Do you call your girlfriend? (often) 8) Anna has a smoke with her friends in the yard. (sometimes). 9) I am late for work (never). 10) My mother doesn't go to parties (often).

b) Составьте предложения из данных слов

1. finishes / my mother / work / always / at 6 o’clock

2. train / never / late / is / this

3. rarely / television / watch / we / in the morning

4. he / interesting / writes / often / us / letters

5. my brothers / good / are / both / football players

• Для постановки вопросов в настоящем простом времени, как Вы уже знаете, используются вспомогательные глаголы do / does. Самыми распространенными являются общие и специальные вопросы.

• Общий вопрос подразумевает ответ “да” или “нет” и начинается со вспомогательного глагола, далее следуют остальные члены предложения в указанном в таблице (см. выше) порядке:

Do you often write letters to your relatives? – Yes, I do. No, I don’t.

Does he live in London? – Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.

Have they got cousins in America? - Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.

Has Ann got a dog? – Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.

• Специальный вопрос начинается с вопросительного слова, далее следует вспомогательный глагол, подлежещее, смысловой глагол и т.д.:

Why do you often write letters to your relatives?

Where does he live in London?

• Глагол “to be” не требует вспомогательного глагола:

Am I right? – Yes, you are. No, you are not.

Is she at home? – Yes, she is. No, she is not.

Are they here? – Yes, they are. No, they are not.

Where is he?

• Вопрос к подлежащему начинается с местоимения Who (кто) или What (что), которое является подлежащим, и имеет порядок слов повествовательного предложения, причем сказуемое стоит в форме третьего лица единственного числа:

Who lives in London?

• Вопрос к определению подлежащего начинается с What (в значении “какой”), Which (который), Whose (чей), далее идет подлежащее, сказуемое в форме, согласующейся с числом и лицом подлежащего, второстепенные члены предложения:

What magazines are on that shelf?

Which month comes after June?

Whose sister studies here?

Упражнение 49

a) Составьте вопросы из данных слов:

1. you / play / do / the guitar / well ?

2. does / when / your / usually / leave / mother / home ?

3. at home / in the evenings / you / are ?

4. why / she / job / ask / never / does / you / about / your ?

5. he / your / is / relative?

b) Продолжите вопросы:

1) Michael works on a farm. Where...? 2) I like coffee. Do...? 3) John Pierce goes to his office by underground. How...? 4) Brenda lives in Leeds. Does...? 5) Liz likes tea with lemon. What. ...? 6) They have got six classes on Monday. How many...? 7) Jack has got a little white kitten. Has...? 8) Kevin goes out with his friends in the evening. When ...? 9) Mary works at a book shop. Where...? 10) He lives in a very nice district. Does...?

c) Поставьте вопрос к подлежащему:

1) We have got a lot of free time. 2) My granny and grandpa work in the garden every summer. 3) My little sisters are at home. 4) Tom knows a lot about London. 5) I talk on the phone too much. 6) Small children like to collect toys. 7) We spend a lot of time buying clothes. 8) The boys help their mother about the house. 9) We study foreign languages. 10) I clean my room every morning.

d) Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам:

1) She is sixteen years old. 2) We usually study English in the evening. 3) My sister is a very beautiful girl. 4)Tony likes to read popular press. 5) Meryl Streep is ап actress. 6) A polyglot speaks a lot of languages. 7)My uncle plays football in his free time. 8) His nephew often watches documentaries on TV. 9) She plays tennis in the gym. 10) The kid has got two apples.

Упражнение 50. Составьте вопросы к предложенным ответам (вы задаете их своему другу):

1) ... - 231-7834; 2) ... – Yes, I am. I am from St.Louis. 3) ... am a car salesman. 4) ... - Yes, I have. I have got two children. 5) ... - Pam is 7 and Joe is 4. 6) ... - In my free time I go fishing and play basketball. 7) ... - 314 North Road. 8) ... Yes, I do. I really enjoy my job. 9) ... - No, I don’t. I never go abroad on holiday. 10) ... - I usually go to my country house for holidays.

Упражнение 51. Переведите на английский язык, обращая внимание на порядок слов:

1. Обычно по выходным мой брат не бывает дома.

2. Ты часто ходишь в кино со своими родителями?

3. Мой брат никогда не говорит мне о своих планах.

4. Наши родственники очень редко приезжают к нам зимой.

5. Почему ты всегда дома вечером?

Relax …

Do you know?

Ages and Stages:

0-1 1-2 2-12 13-17 18+ 20-30 30-40 40+ 75+

You are a baby. You are a toddler. You are a child. You are a teenager. You are an adult. You are in your twenties. (24-26 mid twenties) You are in your thirties. (38 late thirties) You are middle-aged, in middle age. You are an erlderly man / woman

Can you guess?

ЗАГАДКА.

Найдите среди четырнадцати людей семь семейных пар. Обратите внимание на то, что они представляют три поколения.

Geoffrey is Linda's nephew and Lewis's cousin. Elaine is Lewis's mother and Evelyn's sister-in-law. Linda is Brian's daughter and Evelyn's sister-in-law. Bart is Martin's brother-in-law and Geoffrey's uncle. Brian is Claire's grandfather and Evelyn's father-in-law. Kathryn is Linda's mother and Geoffrey's grandmother. Martin is Sheila's son-in-law and Fred's brother-in-law. Sheila is Elaine's mother-in-law and Lewis's grandmother. Claire is Martin's niece and Bart's daughter-in-law. Ray is Bart's father and Martin's father-in-law. Amy is Martin's daughter-in-law and Evelyn's daughter-in-law. Lewis is Ray's grandson and Bart's son. Evelyn is Lewis's aunt and Kathryn's daughter-in-law. Fred is Claire's father and Kathryn's son-in-law.

Ответ: семейные пары - Claire and Lewis; Brian and. Kathryn; Sheila and Ray; Geoffrey and Amy; Martin and Evelyn; Bart and Elaine; Linda and Fred.

Read and Smile.

• - Have you broken off your engagement to Jane?

• She wouldn't have me.

• Did you tell her about your rich uncle?

• Yes. She is my aunt now.

• The millionaire, examining a prospective son-in-law, asked:

• Would you love my daughter just as much if she were poor?

• Yes, of course, sir!

• You've said enough. We don't want any fools in our family.

• - Mr. Smith, - began the shy young man, - er-ah-that is can-er-I-will you-…

• why, yes, my boy, you may have her, - smiled the girl's father.

• What's that? Have whom? – he asked.

• My daughter, of course. Don't you want to marry her?

• Oh, no. I just wanted to know if you could lend me $10.

• Certainly not! – said Smith sharply. – I hardly know you.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА