- •1. Introduction. Es and their influence on a ability to live of the people
- •2. Classification and the notions of extreme situations and catastrophes.
- •1. Natural disasters:
- •3. The tasks and organization of a state service of medicine of catastrophes.
- •4. Basic features of a service mc in es.
- •5. Basic divisions of a service of mc.
- •Lecture №2
- •1. General principles of medical evacuation of the population in extreme situations.
- •3. The first aid.
- •2. Kinds and volume of medical aid.
- •The volume of the first medical aid:
- •4. Premedical aid.
- •5. The first doctor’s aid.
- •6. Qualified and specialized medical aid.
- •7. Medical sorting.
- •1. Introduction Characteristic of the main injury factors in catastrophes.
- •2. Characteristic of the amount and structure of population losses in catastrophes.
- •3. Medico-tactical characteristic of natural disasters.
- •1. Flood
- •2. Hurricanes and storms.
- •3. Earthquakes.
- •4. Snow avalanches, snow drifts and icings.
- •5. Lightning
- •6. Fires
- •Medico-tactical characteristic of transport catastrophes.
- •1. Aviation accidents.
- •2. Road - transport accidents.
- •3. Accidents on river and sea transport.
- •4. Railway accidents.
- •Medico-tactical characteristics of accidents.
- •Introduction.
- •Introduction.
- •Medico-tactical characteristic of accidents on chemically - dangerous enterprises.
- •The principal measures and means of protection from hata.
- •Medico-tactical characteristic of failures on radiation dangerous objects.
- •Protective measures of the staff and population.
- •Lecture №6
- •Extreme situations and disaster area
- •Medical help to children in catastrophes.
- •The plan of lecture
- •1. Behavior of the people in es and disaster area.
- •Organization of the psychiatric help at the stages of medical evacuation.
- •2. Peculiarities of organization of the medical help to children.
Organization of the psychiatric help at the stages of medical evacuation.
Psychoemotional disorders of 5-7 days duration were observed at 14-20%, and more prolonged ones - at 10%. At 55 % of the injured persons the reasons of damage were wrong, undeliberate actions caused by fear or panic.
At all stages of development of an extreme situation the psychiatric help should be closely connected to the general medical help, to provide a continuity and succession of prophylactic, medical and rehabilitation measures.
At the first stage the basic organizational part of medical help, including psychiatric, are the experts of the first aid and disasters, kept in a zone, and medical establishments. Here it is necessary to emphasize, that they won’t be capable to render the necessary help to all who requires it. Therefore, as well as at other kinds of the general and specialized maintenance, the psychiatric help should be planned taking into account special brigades operatively directed to area of disaster.
The feature of tactics of the psychiatric help in a concrete period is nonobligatory making of nosologic and syndromologic diagnosis, it is sufficient to divide the victims on the patients with psychotic disorders and persons in whom the mental disorders do not reach such level. And the basic task consists in a safety not only for injured with acute developed mental infringements, but for the people surrounding him. During medical sorting there is estimated a condition of consciousness (disturbed-undisturbed), motor disorders (psychomotor excitement-stupor), features of an emotional condition (anxiety, depression etc.). The duly revealing and evacuation of panic-stricken people and hysterical persons making group of increased risk of panic occurrence is important.
From the moment of a beginning of saving works along with urgent and first psychical aid rendered mainly by specialized mobile psychical teams, it is expedient to create at polyclinics and in-patient departments in a disaster zone the psychiatric (psychotherapeutic) consulting rooms. In this period the evacuational psychiatric branch begins to carry out diagnostics and short-term treatment (during several days) of persons with the marginal forms of psychological disorders.
At relative stabilization of a situation the psychiatric and medico-psyhological help is given mainly for those who are in need of it. One of the most perspective ways of cupping the psychogenous disorders in the first period of any disaster or accidents and maintenance of vicitms at an optimum level of work capacity in the proceeding extreme conditions is the usage of the pharmacological means promoting fastest restoration of broken mental functions. It is caused by a number of circumstances: by deficiency of time of the doctor, availability of drug therapy in field conditions, opportunity of rendering assistance to the maximal number of the people and, at last, by the fact that the action of psychotropic means not only facilitates the use of other medical methods, but also have psychotherapeutic meaning in giving the preparation.
The most universal therapeutic effect have tranquilizers and antidepressants with tranquilizing action. Beginning from the second period, there is an opportunity of realization of differential psychotherapy.
As almost all survived after accident have the deviations in psychoemotional sphere, they require reception of sedative preparations and tranquilizers. Further, because of an opportunity of mental destabilization (development of phobias, depressions, psychosomatic and behavior disorders) the majority of the people will require supervision of the psychiatrist within 1-5 years.