VIII. Look through the text and write out the key historical terms.

IX. Gap filling:

• The process of historical analysis involves ____________ and _________ of ________ ideas, facts to create ____________ _________ and it usually _____________ most of other social sciences in order _____________ that these ___________ will start from the beginning of the world.

• The work of ancient writers remains _______________ for its __________ within the _______________ __________ of the times and their works don’t meet the modern standards of ______________ and _____________.

• Historians of the past have been ____________ ________ to write histories ____________ a king with a ____________ and _____________ a people a ______________ ___________ and _____________ of _______________.

• Herodotus ____________ some of the _____________ of modern historians: he ____________ witnesses; ____________ oral histories; _________ multiple sources and then ____________ his particular version.

• Thucydides ___________ a different form of history – _______________.

• Polybius _____________ to present history as a sequence of ____________ and _______________ carefully conducted his ________________.

• Since the 1960’s historians have started ________________ formerly _____________ topics surrounding various categories of people.

• Today, academic historians regard ______________ and _______________ of the neutrality in historical ______________.

X. Answer the following questions:

1. What social sciences does historical analysis draw upon?

2. Why does the work of ancient writers remain valuable?

3. What does the term "revisionist history" mean?

4. What modern techniques did Herodotus display in his work?

5. What form of history did Thucydides pioneer?

6. Who firstly created the modern figure of historian?

7. Who is considered to be "the first modern historian"?

8. What has happened with history since 1960’s?

9. In what spheres can modern historian work?

10. When is the term "buff" used?

XI. Make up a plan of the text in the form of statements.

XII. Give the general idea of the text.

XIII. Render the text close to its original variant.

Unit VI

I. Look through the words and expressions and learn them:

• a useful handle – корисна можливість;

• to articulate changes – чітко виражати зміни;

• agreed-upon temporal and geographical boundaries – узгоджені часові та географічні кордони;

• talismanic individuals – особи, що відіграли визначну, виняткову роль;

• to be continually challenged and redefined – безперервно/постійно ставитися під сумнів та повторно визначатися;

• periodizing labels derived from individuals or ruling elites – назви періодів, які походять від особистостей або правлячої еліти;

• a certain set of specific cultural connotations – певна сукупність характерних культурних підтекстів;

• meaningful cultural and social phases – значимі культурні та соціальні етапи;

• to retain and divest of negative connotations – зберігати та утримуватися від негативних підтекстів;

• to carry over into academic terminology – розповсюджуватися в академічній термінології