Lesson 1. Basics of Future Specialty

Exercise 1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:

1.	fitness	пригодность
2.	rating	звание/специальность рядового состава
3.	to be submitted	зд. подвергаться, проходить (медосмотр)
4.	to violate	нарушать
5.	to be dismissed from/be signed off	быть списанным с судна, быть уволенным
6.	off watch	свободный от вахты, сменившийся с вахты
7.	fitting	оборудование, оснастка
8.	to keep up, upkeep	содержать в порядке, содержание в рабочем порядке
9.	helmsman	рулевой
10.	lookout	впередсмотрящий, наблюдение
11.	underway	на ходу
12.	helm (rudder) order	команды на руль
13.	changeover	переключение
14.	sight	зрение
15.	OOW - officer of the watch - вахтенный
16.	to be assigned to	быть назначенным, предписанным
17.	windlass	брашпиль
18.	winch	лебедка
19.	knot-making	вязание узлов
20.	tying down (the ship)	швартовка
21.	rigging	оснащение, укомплектование
22.	seamanship	морская практика

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text, paying attention to the words in italics.

The Working Day at Sea and in Port

For being placed on board ship as crewmembers all candidates must prove their fitness for work at sea. For this purpose, officers, ratings and service personnel are submitted to physical examination by special appointed doctors before employment.

The ship’s personnel who have joined the vessel must operate it in accordance with established standards. Any crewmember that violates the regulations is unqualified for his assignment or fails to meet minimum standards will be dismissed from/be signed off the vessel.

The day at sea is divided into watches of four hours. Now the most often used system of ship’s organization is the four and eight system that means four hours on watch and eight hours off watch.

The deck department spends most of its time maintaining the ship, her equipment and her fittings in good condition. This means cleaning, painting and repair work that should protect the ship from damaging effects of salt water, changes in temperature and the action of waves. The work is done by ratings under supervision of the bosun (very often senior AB seaman). The Chief Officer works out a daily routine list.

Seamen are assigned to jobs such as keeping up the ship’s compartments, deck, deck machinery, other equipment and external structure. AB seaman also keeps navigational watch, such as helmsman and lookout, underway and in port.

The helmsman must understand helm orders, know how to use navigational instruments and to make changeover from automatic pilot to hand steering. The courses the helmsman steers is ordered by the officer of the watch.

A good lookout must be kept by sight and hearing. There are usually two lookouts on the bridge. One stationed on the port bridge wing, one on the starboard on the bridge. About other vessels, sound signal, light or other object lookout should report to the OOW immediately.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions:

1. What will happen to any crewmember that fails to meet the standards? 2. What does the expression “four and eight system of watchkeeping” mean? 3. How do future crewmembers prove their fitness for work at sea? 4. What is the duty often performed while watchkeeping? 5. Who is AB seaman?

Exercise 4. Give equivalents:

• in Russian: deck machinery, helmsman, to steer, to keep navigational watch, lookout, changeover to hand steering, the wing of the bridge, under the supervision of OOW, risk of collision, by sight and hearing, helm orders, automatic pilot, ordinary seaman, bosun, working conditions, to be in charge of, spare parts;

• in English: повреждать корпус, быть ответственным за, содержать в рабочем порядке, швартовка, удалять грязь и ржавчину, проверять оснащение, уметь вязать узлы, противопожарное оборудование, проходить морскую практику, с помощью зрения и слуха, знать команды на руль, вахтенный помощник, спасательное оборудование, нести навигационную вахту.

Exercise 5. Translate the texts. Make the list of the seaman’s duties.