- •Передмова
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •4. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •5. Choose the word with the opposite meaning for the word underlined.
- •6. Choose the word with the similar meaning for the word underlined.
- •8. Make up sentences putting the words in the correct order:
- •9. Form nouns from the following verbs and translate them.
- •10. Checking facts and ideas.
- •11. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases:
- •12. Divide the text into logical parts and give them titles.
- •13. Look at the scheme, answer the questions and make a little summary.
- •Grammar exercises.
- •1. You are going to take part at the scientific conference. Choose subjects you need there and put them in plural form.
- •7. Match the words from (a) with the words from (b)
- •3. Read the text and open the brackets, choosing the correct form of the verb to be. Put the questions to the text.
- •4. The following sentences have mistakes. Correct them.
- •8. Put the missing letters.
- •Read and discuss the text. Single out the main facts and present them in a short review.
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •7. Make up sentences putting the words in the correct order.
- •8. Form nouns from the following verbs:
- •9. Checking facts and ideas.
- •10. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases:
- •11. Divide the text into logical parts and give them titles.
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Form three degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs.
- •2. Use the words in the brackets in the required form and translate the sentences.
- •3. Form Participle I from the following verbs.
- •4. Put the verbs in the Present Continuous and Past Indefinite where it is necessary.
- •5. Translate sentences with Participle I.
- •8. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •4. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •5. Find antonyms for the words underlined.
- •6. Think of the verbs that are most commonly used with:
- •7. Match the words from (a) with the words from (b)
- •8. Make up sentences putting the words in the correct order:
- •9. Checking facts and ideas.
- •10. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases:
- •11. Divide the text into logical parts and give them titles. Grammar exercises
- •5. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •5. Find synonyms for the words underlined.
- •7. Make up sentences putting the words in the correct order:
- •8. A) Form nouns from the following verbs and translate them.
- •9. Checking facts and ideas.
- •10. Complete the sentences: rearrange them to get a summary of the text.
- •11. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases:
- •12. Divide the text into logical parts and give them titles.
- •13. Imagine that you are a president of corporation. Choose the right type of budget and explain your choice and stages of approving the budget. What can you say about each type of budget?
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Fill in the gaps with the necessary prepositions.
- •2. Use the correct verb form.
- •6. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •3. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •4. Each sentence has a word underlined, replace it by the antonym with the help of prefixes un, dis.
- •6. Make up sentences putting the words in the correct order.
- •7. Form nouns from the following verbs:
- •8. Checking facts and ideas.
- •9. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases:
- •10. Divide the text into logical parts and give them titles.
- •11. Prepare the short talk on the following.
- •Grammar Exercises
- •1. A) Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box.
- •2. Translate these sentences containing Gerund and the ing-form of a verb (віддієслівний іменник)
- •8. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •4. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •5. Find antonyms for the words underlined.
- •6. Match the words from a) with the words from b).
- •7. Make up sentences putting the words in the correct order.
- •8. A) Form verbs from the following nouns:
- •9. Checking facts and ideas.
- •10. Complete the sentences. Rearrange them to get a summary.
- •11. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases:
- •12. Divide the text into logical parts and give them titles.
- •13. Imagine that you are a vice-president of the bank. Think, please, what can you do with money and describe the situation of using money. Use the scheme.
- •14. A) Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box.
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Define the function of the verb “to have” in the following sentences and translate them.
- •2. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Modal verbs.
- •3. Explain the using of the Perfect Tense in the following sentences.
- •4. Translate the sentences with Participle II and define the function of Partciple II in the sentences.
- •5. Find the correct form of Participle.
- •8. Put the missing letters.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •4. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •5. Find antonyms for the words underlined.
- •6. Match the words from a) with the words from b).
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •7. Make up sentences putting the words in the correct order.
- •8. Form nouns from the following verbs:
- •9. Checking facts and ideas.
- •10. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases:
- •11. Divide the text into logical parts and give them titles. Grammar exercises
- •1. A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •Write down 3-5 questions about the texts.
- •2. Open the brackets putting the verbs in the correct form:
- •3. Using the example change the underlined part of sentences.
- •5. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •4. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •5. Find antonyms for the words underlined.
- •6. Match the words from a) with the words from b).
- •7. Make up sentences putting the words in the correct order.
- •8. Checking facts and ideas.
- •9. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases:
- •Grammar Exercises
- •2. Change the underlined parts of the sentences by Gerund with prepositions.
- •6. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer these questions:
- •2. Find English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases from the texts:
- •3. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •4. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •5. Checking facts and ideas. Decide if these statements are true or false.
- •6. Make up sentences putting the words in the correct order.
- •7. Using the definition of the term “bank” and additional words to the definition describe the function of the bank.
- •13. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases:
- •14. Divide the text into logical parts and give them titles. Retell the text.
- •15. Study the key words for the unit and make up sentences.
- •Exercises
- •1. A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •Write down 3-5 questions about the text.
- •Describe the principal instruments of credit policy.
- •Unit 10
- •1. Read and translate sentences only with new lexis.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Find in the text equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases.
- •3. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •4. Find synonyms for the words underlined.
- •5. Match the words from a) with the words from b)
- •6. Make up sentences putting the words in the correct order.
- •7. Checking facts and ideas. Decide if the statements are true or false.
- •8. Single out the main facts from the texts and present them in a short essay. Use the following opening phrases:
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Translate the following sentences with Present Participle Passive and Perfect Participle.
- •2. Translate the sentences.
- •Unit 11
- •1. Read and translate sentences only with new lexis.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •3. Find synonyms for the words underlined.
- •11. Complete the sentences with the following words: free of charge, depositor, activities, employer.
- •12. Find and read sentences explaining the title of the text.
- •13. Find in the text sentences expressing such ideas.
- •14. Checking facts and ideas. Decide if the statements are true or false.
- •15. Explain the difference between current and deposit accounts.
- •15. Divide the text into the logical groups and give them titles.
- •16. Single out the main points of the text. Use the following opening phrases.
- •17. Give extensive answers to these discussion questions:
- •18. Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •2. Read the text.
- •3. Discuss the kinds of banks described in the text and their functions.
- •4. Read the dialogue, convert direct speech in indirect, sum up its content, write down the annotation.
- •Unit 12
- •1. Read sentences only with new lexis and translate them.
- •2. Put the missing letters.
- •3. Work in pairs. One student has to name all the words he/she memorized from the word list another student has to translate them.
2. Translate the sentences.
Being responsible for the government’s debts, the Central Bank…
Being implemented into the economy, a tight fiscal policy…
Having raised the interest rate, the bank…
Having set the clearing of the market, the bank…
Having been raised, the unemployment…
Having been fallen, the output…
Unit 11
loan позичка
advance аванс
intermediary посередник
deposit account депозитний вклад, терміновий вклад
current account поточний рахунок
expertise професійний досвід
to acquire одержувати
margin різниця, маржа
bill вексель
to discount облікувати
valuables цінності
to redeem викуповувати, погашати
merging об’єднання, злиття
withdrawal зняття з рахунку
money at call гроші до вимоги
to assess оцінювати
1. Read and translate sentences only with new lexis.
Banks are institutions which accept money from people for safe keeping.
Retail banking involves business with individuals and small businesses.
They offer a variety of services such as deposit and current accounts.
Thus, personal, corporate and bank depositors are assured that their deposits can be redeemed at full value.
Later, other activities were added to the original function of the banks.
In this intermediation process costs are incurred which must be met out of the bank's margin between the borrowing and lending interest rates.
Banks make money work at all levels in industry and commerce.
2. Put the missing letters.
Val…bles, r..d…m, as…e…s, withd….al, itr…m…d..ry, l…n, exp…se, dis…nt, ac…re, m..rg…n.
BANKING SYSTEM
COMMERCIAL BANKS
By definition, banks are institutions which accept money from people for safe keeping, lending it out to others, but particularly creating money by lending their credit, i.e. by making loans and advances to customers. Banks make money work at all levels in industry and commerce.
Thus, commercial (or in the UK clearing) banks are providers of payment services and they act as financial intermediaries. They offer a variety of services such as deposit and current accounts tailored to fit particular savers' preferences1 and they lend the funds they receive on a variety of terms which satisfy the needs of a range of borrowers.
By pooling risks, by studying the experience of many individuals and by acquiring the expertise to assess the prospect of profit and loss inherent in lending, banks are able to provide their savers with a combination of interest, ease of repayment and protection against loss that are better than these savers could obtain by lending directly to the ultimate borrowers. Banks mediate between these borrowers and savers to achieve a profit. In this intermediation process costs are incurred which must be met out of the bank's margin between the borrowing and lending interest rates.2 Banks are able to achieve these margins through economies of scale. But the margin is always under pressure from the basic costs of the business and from competition. They make their profit by paying a lower rate of interest for the money they lend.
Later, other activities were added to the original function of the banks. A modern joint-stock bank is expected to supply3 the following services: to accept deposits; to provide cheque facilities;4 to collect and pay cheques, bills and dividends; to grant loans to customers and arrange for overdraft facilities; to discount bills; to open letters of credit; to issue travellers' cheques; to transact foreign exchange business;5 to provide safe-deposit strong-room facilities for clients' valuables; to transact stock and share business 6 on behalf of their clients and hold securities in safe custody.
Banks write "insurance" type contracts7 with depositors and borrowers. Thus, personal, corporate and bank depositors are assured that their deposits can be redeemed at full value.
Retail banking involves business with individuals and small businesses. Wholesale banking involves business primarily with other large banks, as well as some business with governments and very large multinational companies.
The more recent development in banking is the merging of investment and commercial banking. Investment banking involves information intermediation and underwriting roles.
In addition, offshore banking, which is part of a country's banking business that is denominated in foreign currencies and transacted between foreigners, is developing too.
Since banks must always be able to meet demands for withdrawals, either immediately or at short notice, they keep a certain percentage of their deposits in actual cash with the Central Bank. This so called Cash Ratio is carefully guarded by banks through their credit policy. Bankers are cautious men and, besides organizing the first line of defence - maintaining the Cash Ratio, they guard carefully another percentage, which is the liquidity ratio, or near money i.e. cash, money at call and Treasury Bills, in their assets.
Words you need:
1accounts tailored to fit particular savers' preferences – рахунки, які відкриваються з урахуванням потреб вкладників
2In this intermediation process costs are incurred which must be met out of the bank's margin between the borrowing and lending interest rates – Ця посередницька діяльність потребує витрат, які повинні бути покриті за рахунок різниці між відсотковими ставками на позиковий та позичковий капітал(заемный и ссудный)
3A modern joint-stock bank is expected to supply - Вважається, що сучасний акціонерний банк повинен…
4cheque facilities - послуги з опрацювання чеків
5to transact foreign exchange business - проводити угоди з іноземною валютою
6to transact stock and share business - проводити угоди з цінними паперами
7Banks write "insurance" type contracts - банки беруть на себе зобов’язання по страховим контрактам.