The flower

All seed plants are alike in that they all produce flowers. The flower is the part of the plant which is formed for seed production. A seed is always preceded by a flower. The seeds are the means by which most plants reproduce and in addition they are sources of food for man and feed for livestock. Consequently, it is highly important that the flower develops and functions properly so as to assure a good yield of seeds. It is necessary that you be familiar with the parts of the flower and the role of each in the reproduc­tion process.

Parts of the Flower. A complete flower is made up of four principal parts, namely a) sepals, b) petals, c) stamens and d) the pistil. The number and position of the floral parts vary in differ­ent species and it frequently happens that one or more of them is missing. In this case the flower is incomplete.

The flowers of the small grain lack both petals and sepals, and thus they are incomplete.

Neither sepals nor petals are directly involved in seed production. The former comprise the outermost part of the flower, protecting and supporting the other parts. They are usually green and leaflike. Sometimes, however, they are brightly coloured rather than green but it is not true of common cereals. The petals are located immediately to the inside of the sepals and unlike the latter they are generally brightly coloured but it is not true for grasses, including the common cereals. When taken together the petals are referred to as the corolla. The two remaining parts of the flower, namely, the stamens and the pistil, form the reproductive organs of the flower and are both absolutely essential for reproduction and seed production. It is in the stamens that the pollen grains which are necessary for fertilization are produced. The pistil should be looked for in the centre of the flower. It consists of the style bear­ing on its top the stigma and a swollen base which is referred to as ovary. Within the ovary there are the egg-cells.

Вправа 6. Складіть запитання до підкресленних слів:

1. All seed plants produce flowers.

2. The petals are generally brightly coloured.

3. Within the ovary there are the egg-cells.

4. A seed is always preceded by a flower.

Вправа 7. Складіть речення з наступними виразами:

To look for

In addition

To refer to

Варіант 3

Вправа 1. Перепишіть наступні речення, підкресліть дієслово-присудок та визначте його часову форму й стан. Перекладіть речення на українську мову.

Приклад:

The new apparatus was sent for yesterday. Вчера послали за новым аппаратом.

Was sent for – Past Simple Passive от глагола to send

1. The seeds have a slight odour and a very bitter taste.

2. In 1885 Fraser isolated strophanthin and recommended to use seeds in medicine.

3. Seeds were used by the natives for the preparation of arrow poisons.

4. Strophanthus resembles digitalis in its action and in certain cases is preferable.

5. Specimens of both the extract and the seeds were brought to England.

Вправа 2. Перепишіть наступні речення. Підкресліть Participle I & II та визначте функцію кожного з них, тобто вкажіть, чи є воно означенням, обставиною або частиною дієслова-присудка. Перекладіть речення на українську мову.

1. The official drug consists of the dried ripe seeds of Strophanthis kombe.

2. The testa is densely covered with grayish green silky hair.

3. While extracting the glycosides the seeds are not defatted.

Вправа 3. Знайдіть у тексті 5 слів, утворених по конверсії та перекладіть їх у значенні іменника й дієслова.

Наприклад,

Work - робота → to work – робити

Вправа 4. Утворити прислівники та іменники за допомогою суфіксів та перекладіть їх:

• А.ly: final, regular, direct, warm, apparent

• В.tion: to collect, to prepare, to concentrate, to connect, to accumulate

Вправа 5. Переписати та и письмово перекласти текст: