Questions

1. Characterise the natural resources in general.

2. What role does the fossil fuel reserves play in the civilization development?

3. Why is exhaustion of natural resources so dangerous?

4. What are the ways of decreasing mineral losses at mining, enrichment, processing, and transporting? Give an example.

5. Study the map of your region. Say, what minerals are mined in it, what measures of their protection are taken.

Appendix 3 project work Types of Anthropogenic Impact in Tomsk Territory

The stages of the project:

1. Compose the map of Tomsk territory and divide the city into several regions.

2. Choose a region for each participant of the project.

3. Define the objects – sources of ecological aggression.

4. Give general characteristic of the chosen area.

5. Describe the types of ecological impact:

• chemical;

• physical;

• thermal;

• electromagnetic;

• noise;

• mechanical.

On:

• landscape;

• soil;

• atmosphere;

• plants;

• deposits.

6. Choose the method of investigation, describe it.

7. Suggest the ways of decreasing negative influence.

8. Present your results in group, discuss them.

Appendix 4 Tips for making presentation

Introduction

Presentations are now widely used in international business and science at all levels. Both presentation making and comprehending and evaluating presentation (as a source of information for decision-making) have become essential management skills.

The better we can communicate as human beings, the better we will do our jobs. Setting about the process of being a better presenter means starting off on a journey to learn about how to present your authentic self to the world, to harness your emotions, your senses to your intellectual, logical self.

If a presentation is to be given successfully, it needs to be planned carefully. There is no better rule. When making a presentation it is essential to know precisely what you are going to achieve, what results you are expecting. The plan should explain why you are going to give a presentation; who you will be talking to; where, when and for how long you want to give the presentation; and last but not least the subject matter and the format of the presentation.

If you decide to give a presentation, you choose to do it, usually after you have thought carefully about the reasons for making this presentation. A presentation may be delivered for many reasons. The presenter may want to inform the audience about some subject matter, to relieve concern, to allay fears understood to be present, to persuade the audience to make a decision, to sell goods or services. When planning for a presentation it is essential to consider all the reasons involved: those you are going to declare and those you are not going to disclose. The hidden reason may be even more important than the stated.

Reducing anxiety

It is natural to feel fear or anxiety when on unfamiliar territory. Fear of making presentation comes from your ego. Conquering the fear of speaking in public comes from presentation, rehearsal and experience: just doing it and getting better in it; noticing what went well, what went badly, how you felt about it, what feedback you got, hoe you dealt with things that went wrong. Being audience-centered rather than self-centered turns your focus outwards instead of inwards. Your focus moves away from doubts and fears towards the enjoyment of sharing knowledge and making connections with people. The best confidence trick in the world is to appear relaxed, authoritative, controlled and assured when you are deeply nervous. As presentation is often better than cure, here is a list of ideas that might help.

The following factors will give you confidence:

• having self-belief – the confidence that you have something of value to offer;

• looking good;

• being well prepared;

• having approval;

• being relaxed;

• knowing what you are talking about;

• being familiar with the environment;

• having plenty of time;

• competition;

• having a challenge.

The following factors can sap your confidence:

• lack of preparation;

• not knowing the audience;

• lack of sleep;

• not having the right clothes;

• being undetermined;

• working to someone else’s script;

• being unfamiliar with the environment;

• having to be someone you are not.

Ways of improving your performance:

• focus on one skill at a time. Be like a circus plate-spinner: add one plate at a time until you can manage to spin them all at once;

• volunteer to make a presentation as often as you can;

• get objective and subjective feedback. Learn from it; grow. Realize your potential;

• Take a few risks. Move out of your comfort zone occasionally. Put yourself, your ideas, your style on the line. High risk, high reward;

• Let your natural style free;

• Don’t take it all too seriously.

Talk to yourself

Pre-presentation self-talk

Prepare your personal mantra: “I know what I’m talking about, I’m well prepared and I have every right to expect that things will go well.”

During-the –presentation self-talk

“I’m still standing, I’m breathing. I’m speaking. I’m taking one step at a time.”

Post-presentation self-talk

“I’m really pleased with the way I handled that last tricky question.” “I can learn how to manage my material better from the way the audience responded to the first section.”