- •Оглавление
- •Раздел 1. Моя специальность 2
- •Раздел II 15
- •Раздел III 26
- •Раздел 1. Моя специальность
- •Read and translate the international words into Russian.
- •Learn the vocabulary.
- •Remember the word combinations.
- •Read and translate the text. Text a drilling
- •Word building. Make up new words and translate them into Russian.
- •Match the synonyms.
- •Find the English equivalent in the text.
- •Complete the sentences. Use the following words.
- •Before you read make your suggestions.
- •Read the interview with Michael Lennon.
- •List these jobs in order of seniority.
- •Answer the questions about Michael. Use the information from the interview and your own knowledge.
- •Complete a fragment of Michael Lennon’s cv.
- •Text c the turbodrill of engineer kapelyushnikov
- •Read the title of the text. Have you ever heard about this engineer before?
- •Read the second abstract of the text. State if the sentences given below are true, false, or there is no such information in this abstract.
- •Find and translate the abstracts containing the information about:
- •Text d oil and gas specialist recruitment
- •Vacancy 1
- •Vacancy 2
- •Vacancy 3
- •2. Look through the standard sequence of resume items and then write a resume for yourself and for one of your relatives or acquaintances.
- •3. Read a cover letter, translate it into Russian. Write your own cover letter by analogy.
- •Раздел II Из истории достижений нефтегазовой отрасли. Выдающиеся личности.
- •1. Read and translate the international words into Russian.
- •2. Learn the vocabulary.
- •Word building. Make up new words using the following suffixes. Translate them into Russian.
- •4. Read the text. Text a fields development
- •5. Match the synonyms:
- •6. Find the English equivalents:
- •7. Fill in the gaps:
- •Text b a second birth of the komi industry
- •Read the fragment of the interview with Vladimir Mulyak, General Director of jsc lukoil-Komi
- •Find the English equivalents in the interview:
- •Answer the questions:
- •4. Sum up the text using your answers to the questions from ex.3. Text c
- •Inventions and discoveries in the petrochemical industry
- •Read the text.
- •Choose the best answer.
- •3. Say whether these statements are true or false.
- •4. Fill in the following table.
- •Inventions and Discoveries
- •Text d proposal letter
- •Read and translate a proposal letter.
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Learn some other useful expressions:
- •Write a proposal letter yourself. Offer the crude oil atmospheric distillation unit to the enterprise interested in this equipment. Раздел III Современные тенденции развития нефтегазовой отрасли
- •Read the international words, translate them into Russian.
- •Learn the vocabulary.
- •Text a Environmental Challenges of Heavy Crude Oils
- •Match the synonyms.
- •Word building. Make up the new words and translate them into Russian.
- •Complete the sentences with a suitable word.
- •Answer the questions on Text a.
- •Intervew
- •Read the interview with Igor Fedotov, Deputy General Director of lukoil-Volgograd
- •3. Find the English equivalents in the text.
- •5. Brush up your grammar skills!
- •Answer the questions.
- •Text c problem solving
- •Read the text. In small groups, match these descriptions of oil platforms to the correct illustration. Be prepared to justify you answers.
- •Gravity or fixed platforms
- •Jack-up
- •Semi-submersible
- •Tension leg
- •Complete the table for each type of platform described above.
- •Improving Production Results in Monobore, Deepwater and Extended Reach Wells
- •Read the abstract of an article, pay attention to its structure.
- •Read some tips and warnings about writing abstracts.
- •Read the following article and try to write an abstract by analogy.
- •Vocabulary
Раздел II Из истории достижений нефтегазовой отрасли. Выдающиеся личности.
1. Read and translate the international words into Russian.
to accumulate, material, mechanism, to vary, typical, globe, naturally, demarcation.
2. Learn the vocabulary.
artificial lift – механизированная добыча, насосно-компрессорная добыча;
asphaltite – 1) асфальтит (асфальтоподобный природный материал);
bailer – 1) желонка (для чистки скважин) 2) черпак;
barrel – баррель (мера вместимости: в Великобритании - 163,3 л; в США - 119 л; для нефти - 159 л; для цемента - 170,5 кг)
cap rock – покрывающая порода; покрывающий пласт;
complete – завершать, заканчивать (скважину);
drilling rig – буровая вышка;
fluid – флюид (жидкость, газ, смесь жидкостей и газов);
hydrocarbon – углеводород;
jet pump – струйный насос; эжектор;
layer – слой, пласт;
liquid – жидкость;
natural flow – фонтанирование, естественный поток;
occur – встречаться, попадаться;
permeable – проницаемый;
porous – пористый;
pump – насос, подавать насосом, нагнетать;
pump jack – промысловый насос (для перекачки нефти из промысловых резервуаров в нефтехранилище)
reservoir rock – пластовая порода;
scatter – разбрасывать, размещать;
source rock – нефтематеринская порода;
string – колонна (труб, штанг);
sucker rod – насосная штанга;
swab – 1) сваб (поршень для вызова притока в скважину) 2) поршень для откачивания скважины 3) проходной поршень (спускаемый на тросе) 4) песочный насос 5) штанга с плунжером (для чистки труб) 6) откачивать; поднимать жидкость проходным поршнем 7) чистить скважину
tubing string – колонна насосно-компрессорных труб.
Word building. Make up new words using the following suffixes. Translate them into Russian.
Adj. – Noun reliable – reliability (надежность)
permeable
porous
Verb – Noun locate – location (местонахождение)
accumulate
complete
produce
saturate
Verb – Noun measure – measurement (система мер, измерение)
develop
equip
Verb – Adj. rewrite – rewritable (перезаписываемый)
recover
condense
4. Read the text. Text a fields development
In the petroleum industry, a field is a large area of land where coal, oil, or gas is found. Three conditions must be present for oil reservoirs to form: a source rock rich in hydrocarbon material buried deep enough for subterranean heat to cook it into oil; a porous and permeable reservoir rock for it to accumulate in; and a cap rock (seal) or other mechanism that prevents it from escaping to the surface. Within these reservoirs, fluids will typically organize themselves like a three-layer cake with a layer of water below the oil layer and a layer of gas above it, although the different layers vary in size between reservoirs.
The typical oil field resembles a small self-contained city in the midst of a landscape with many drilling rigs and/or the pump jacks known as "nodding donkeys" because of their bobbing arm. More than 40,000 oil fields are scattered around the globe – on land and offshore. The largest are the Ghawar Field in Saudi Arabia and the Burgan Field in Kuwait, with more than 60 billion barrels estimated in each.
Development of a field includes the location, drilling, completion, and equipment of wells necessary to produce the commercially recoverable oil and gas in the field.
Oil and gas production necessarily are intimately related. However, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons of petroleum are not only liquid and gaseous but may even be found in a solid state, such as asphaltite.
Where gas is produced without oil, the production problems are simplified because the product flows naturally throughout the life of the well and does not have to be lifted to the surface. However, there are sometimes problems of water accumulations in gas wells, and it is necessary to pump the water from the wells to maintain maximum, or economical, gas production. The line of demarcation between oil wells and gas wells is not definitely established. Most gas wells produce quantities of condensable vapours, such as propane and butane that may be liquefied and marketed for fuel. The more stable liquids produced with gas can be utilized as natural gasoline.
The common methods of producing oil wells are (1) natural flow; (2) pumping with sucker rods; (3) gas lift; (4) hydraulic subsurface pumps; (5) electrically driven centrifugal well pumps; and (6) swabbing.
However, most wells are not self-flowing and various lifting methods must be employed. Approximately 90% of the wells made to produce by some artificial lift method in the United States are equipped with sucker-rod-type pumps. In these the pump is installed at the lower end of the tubing string and is actuated by a string of sucker rods extending from the surface to the subsurface pump. The two common variations are mechanical and hydraulic long-stroke pumping units. Other lifting mechanisms are the gas lift, hydraulic subsurface pumps, swabs, bailers and jet pumps.