2. Vocabulary

bundled set – стандартний набір

spell checker – програма пошуку помилок

OLE (object linking and embedding) – зв’язування та внедрение об’єктів

release – випускати

free of charge – безкоштовний

add-on – доповнення

proprietary – власний, оригінальний

update – обновлення (даних), нова версія

spreadsheet – електронна таблиця

to outsell – продаватися краще

communication software – програмне забезпечення для передачі повідомлень

task manager – диспетчер задач

presentation – презентація

slideshow – слайд-шоу

navigate – керувати

presenter – той, хто веде програму, презентацію

transparency – прозора плівка, прозорість

slide – слайд

database management – керування базою даних

3. Grammatical notes

Нерідко інверсія присудка або його частини супроводжується емфатичним виділенням обставини або/та заперечення:

Nowhere can we see such rapid progress as in computing technologies. Ніде більше не спостерігається такого швидкого прогресу, як у комп'ютерних технологіях.

Only then can such classes be determined. Лише тоді можна визначити такі класи.

4. Excercises

Exercise 1

Прочитайте й перекладіть текст.

Exercise 2

Перескажіть текст.

Exercise 3

Перекладіть англійською

1. MS Office вперше був представлений для операційної системи Macintosh в 1989 році.

2. Професійно версія MS Office налічувала в собі такі програми … (треба завершити та перекласти).

3. За даними досліджень близько 80% підприємств використовують програми пакету MS Office.

4. Для ефективного керування базами даних використовують програму Microsoft Office Access.

5. Був час коли Microsoft Excell конкурував з програмою Lotus 1-2-3.

Exercise 4

Складіть декілька прикладів використання правила, яке наводиться у розділі Grammatical notes.

Lesson 6.8

1. Text

Internet

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by a broad array of electronic and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast array of information resources and services, most notably the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail.

Most traditional communications media, such as telephone and television services, are reshaped or redefined using the technologies of the Internet, giving rise to services such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and IPTV. Newspaper publishing has been reshaped into Web sites, blogging, and web feeds. The Internet has enabled or accelerated the creation of new forms of human interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking sites.

The origins of the Internet reach back to the 1960s when the United States funded research projects of its military agencies to build robust, fault-tolerant and distributed computer networks. This research and a period of civilian funding of a new U.S. backbone by the National Science Foundation spawned worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies and led to the commercialization of an international network in the mid 1990s, and resulted in the following popularization of countless applications in virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of 2009, an estimated quarter of Earth's population uses the services of the Internet.

The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own standards. Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet, the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System, are directed by a maintainer organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols (IPv4 and IPv6) is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a non-profit organization of loosely-affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise.

The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in everyday speech without much distinction. However, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not one and the same. The Internet is a global data communications system. It is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides connectivity between computers. In contrast, the Web is one of the services communicated via the Internet. It is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. The term the Internet, when referring to the Internet, has traditionally been treated as a proper noun and written with an initial capital letter. There is a trend to regard it as a generic term or common noun and thus write it as "the internet", without the capital.

The complex communications infrastructure of the Internet consists of its hardware components and a system of software layers that control various aspects of the architecture. While the hardware can often be used to support other software systems, it is the design and the rigorous standardization process of the software architecture that characterizes the Internet and provides the foundation for its scalability and success.

The Internet has enabled entirely new forms of social interaction, activities, and organizing, thanks to its basic features such as widespread usability and access. Social networking websites such as Facebook and MySpace have created a new form of socialization and interaction. Users of these sites are able to add a wide variety of information to their personal pages, to pursue common interests, and to connect with others. It is also possible to find a large circle of existing acquaintances, especially if a site allows users to represent themselves by their given names, and to allow communication among existing groups of people.