Grammar

Task 1. Give three forms of the following irregular verbs.

Understand, know, begin, buy, pay, speak, take, think, teach, win, come, lead, write, build, drink, forget, hear, go, give, read, break, tell, cost.

Task 2. Make up the following sentences negative and interrogative according to the rules of the Past Simple Tense.

1. They cancelled all flights because of fog.

2. Somebody accused me of stealing money.

3. People advised us not to go out alone.

4. Argentina sold a lot of meat to Canada.

5. I spoke to New York over telephone yesterday.

6. The distribution of resources gave us an absolute advantage in the production of our products.

Task 3. Complete the sentences with suitable prepositions.

1. International trade is exchange ___ capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories.

2. Depending___what a country produces and needs, it can export and import.

3. Do you know the main difference___international trade and domes­tic trade?

4. A tariff is a tax___imported goods.

5. Each nation can make the best use___its available resources.

6. One nation can produce a product___a lower cost than a second na­tion.

7. Brazil enjoys an absolute advantage___the United States___coffee production.

8.___the other hand, it is___the advantage of the United States to ex­port manufactured goods Brazil.

Lesson VI

VALUES

Marian Beane, Director of the International Student Office, in Charlotte, USA, described the major American values in the following way:

Individuality: Americans are encouraged at an early age to be indepen­dent and to develop their own goals in life. They are encouraged not to de­pend too much on others including their friends, teachers and parents. They are rewarded when they try to reach their goals themselves.

Privacy: Americans like their privacy and enjoy spending time alone. Foreign visitors will find American homes and offices open, but what is inside the American mind is considered to be private. To ask the question "What is on your mind?" may be considered to be rude.

Equality: Americans believe that everyone "is created equal" and has the same rights. This includes women and men of all etlmic and cultural groups living in the U.S. Managers, directors, presidents and even university instructors are often addressed by their first name.

Time: Americans try to make the best use of their time. In the business world, "time is money". Being "on time" for class, an appointment, or for dinner with your family is very important

Informality: The American lifestyle is generally casual. Students go to class in shorts and tshirts. Professors seldom wear a tie and some may even wear jeans. Greetings and farewells are usually short, informal and friendly. Students may greet each other with "hi", "how are you?" and "what's up?".

Achievement and hard work: A competitive spirit is often the moti­vating factor to work harder. Americans often compete with themselves as well as others. Americans seem to always be "on the go", because sitting and doing nothing means a waste of time.

Direct and assertive: Americans try to discuss their differences face-to-face and without a mediator. They are encouraged to speak up and give their opinions. This manner of direct speaking is often interpreted by foreign visitors as rude.