Grandmother’s Bank Raid.

A grandmother who made an “astonishingly incompetent” attempt to hold up a bank when her business failed was yesterday given a two-year suspended sentence. Pamela Fitchew, aged 60, walked into in the Midland Bank branch in Lane End, Buckinghamshire, last May, wearing tights over her head and brandishing a toy gun. The cashier refused to hand over any cash and she left laughing, Aylesbury crown court heard.

Mrs. Fitchew, a grandmother of five, of Marlow, Bucking hamshire, who was found guilty of attempted armed robbery at her trial last November, returned to court yesterday for sentence after psychiatric reports. Judge John Slack criticised her for refusing to admit she was guilty. “You are … pig- headedly continuing to deny involvement despite the clearest evidence”.

But he accepted she had acted out of character and because of “extreme financial problems you did, if I can use the expression, flip”.

The jury heard that Mrs. Fitchew was £ 698,000 in debt after re-mortgaging her house in 1989 and her travel agency went bust last year.

Focus on Grammar Modal Verbs (Perfect Infinitive)

Модальный глагол must в сочетании с Perfect Infinitive выражает предположение, вероятность действия, относящегося к прошлому. Глагол must в таких случаях переводится на русский язык словами должно быть, вероятно, а инфинитив – глаголом прошедшего времени.

He must have committed crime.  Он, должно быть, совершил преступление.

The robber must have been arrested.  Вероятно, грабитель был арестован.

Must in the meaning of duty, obligation, necessity, command, prohibition	Must in the meaning of supposition of high probability
You must work hard. He is ill. He must stay in bed for some time. You must do it immediately. You mustn’t play football in the street.	You have worked hard all day, you must be tired. He must be waiting for you already. I telephoned the doctor, but there was no reply. He must have gone out.

Task I. Read and translate the sentences with “must + Perfect Infinitive”

1. The criminal must have already been identified.

2. The investigating officer must have found some new evidence.

3. As soon as I switched on my new electric cooker there was an explosion. There must have been something wrong with it.

4. The judge opened the trial. The jury must have already been selected.

5. The bailiff promised to come at six, but he didn’t. He must have forgotten his promise.

6. Mr. Grake started his legal practice. He must have passed his bar examinations.

7. All letters are stampted. Somebody must have done it.

8. The solicitor never got the fax. It must have been sent to the wrong place.

9. The police car arrived at the crime scene. It must have received the 911 call.

10. The car is in a terrible state. It must have got into a car accident.

Task II. Open the brackets using the modal verb “must + Perfect Infinitive”.

1. The man was arrested by the police. He must (commit) a crime.

2. When the driver opened his garage he found no car inside. The car must (be stolen).

3. On returning home from the market the girl couldn’t find her purse. It must (be pickpocketed).

4. When the child disappeared, the parents thought that he must (be kidnapped).

5. When the police arrived, the house was all in flames. Somebody must (set fire) to it.

6. Their partnership has been dissolved. The partners must (have) some disagreement in management.

7. The defense counsel cross-examined the witness. He must (find) his evidence incredible.

8. A sole proprietor commenced the operations. He must (get) the license.

9. The judge overruled the objection. The objection must (be) wrong.

10. The bailiff called the witness but nobody appeared. The witness must (go out).

Task III. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1. Его машина в ужасном состоянии. Она, должно быть, попала в аварию.

2. Мой босс не получал этого факса. Должно быть, он был отправлен по другому адресу.

3. Защитник обещал прийти на встречу в 3 часа, но так и не пришел. Он, должно быть, забыл о ней.

4. Гостиница пылает. Должно быть, кто-то ее поджег.

5. Когда ее муж исчез, мисс Крафнфорд подумала, что он, должно быть, был похищен с целью получения выкупа.

6. Девушка, должно быть, совершила самоубийство.

7. Все следственные документы подшиты в папку. Должно быть, секретарь это сделала.

8. Предприниматель расширил свой бизнес. Должно быть, он получил хорошую прибыль.

9. Когда моей машины не оказалось на парковке, я подумал, что она, должно быть, была угнана.

10. Мои кредитные карточки, должно быть, были потеряны.

11. Грабитель, должно быть, был арестован.

Can в сочетании с Perfect Infinitive употребляется в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях для выражения сомнения, удивления по поводу того, что действие, выраженное инфинитивом, в действительности свершилось. На русский язык переводится словами неужели, не может быть.

He cannot have done it.

Не может быть, чтобы он это сделал.

He can’t have escaped by this window because it is barred.

Не может быть, чтобы он сбежал через это окно,– оно зарешечено.

1. Модальный глагол Could + Perfect Infinitive в утвердительном предложении может переводиться мог (могли) бы для выражения упрека.

He could have told me the truth.

Он мог бы сказать мне правду.

Can in the meaning of ability, capability, permission, prohibition	Can in the meaning of supposition with implied surprise, disbelief, doubt
I can swim very well. He can speak French. Can I borrow your bicycle? You can’t keep this book, it doesn’t belong to you.	It can’t be true. He can’t have escaped by this window because it is barred. Could he have learnt Chinese in a month’s time? He said he watered the plants every day. He couldn’t have watered them. If he had they wouldn’t have died.

Task I. Read and translate the sentences with “can (could)+Perfect Infinitive”.

1. He cannot have pleaded guilty.

2. Her husband cannot have been imprisoned.

3. Can the witness have seen the accident?

4. The defense counsel could have impressed the jury. Why didn’t he?

5. You could have slowed down. If you had we wouldn’t have got into an accident.

6. You could have stopped blackmailing me. Why didn’t you do it?

7. This young man couldn’t have committed a suicide, he was murdered.

8. This gentleman couldn’t have raped the girl, his is too old for that.

9. My wife couldn’t have been kidnapped.

10. Could this teenager have been a hijacker?

Task II. Open the brackets using modal verb “can (could)+Perfect Infinitive”.

1. He couldn’t (exceed) the speed limit. He never does it.

2. - The witness says that he saw you at the crime scene.

- He couldn’t (see) me. I wasn’t there.

3. The President of the company could (promote) him but he immigrated to Germany.

4. The witness could (identify) the criminal, but he failed to do it.

5. The partners could (come) to the agreement, but they dissolved the partnership.

6. The corporation could (pay) the dividends to the shareholders, but it preferred not to.

7. My boss can’t (sack) you. You are such an efficient employee.

8. She can’t (be imprison) for life. She is a pregnant woman.

9. My daughter can’t (do) shoplifting. I don’t believe it.

10. It is a pity, that the witness wasn’t honest. He could (give) true evidence.

Task III. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1. Не может быть, чтобы ветер сломал окно. Это, должно быть, был грабитель.

2. Не может быть, чтобы девушка совершила самоубийство. Ее, должно быть, убили.

3. Не может быть, чтобы он признался в совершении непредумышленного убийства.

4. Не может быть, чтобы ребенка похитили. Он, должно быть, задержался в школе.

5. Члены суда присяжных могли бы вынести вердикт о невиновности.

6. Полиция могла бы уже давно раскрыть эти преступления.

7. Речь защитника могла бы произвести впечатление на суд присяжных, если бы она не была такой длинной.

8. Корпорация могла бы выпустить акции, но она взяла кредит.

9. Свидетель не смог бы опознать преступника потому, что у него на лице была маска.

10. Этот подросток не смог бы угнать автомобиль. Он не умеет водить машину.

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ection II. Classification of Crimes