Innovation; religious; altar; scene; creative; popular; vision; to dominate; realistic; humanistic; theme’ cult.
Ex.4. Read the text and translate it with a dictionary:
New attitude towards painting was promoted by a set of religious innovations. In the beginning of the 13th century alters were decorated with communion table image near which Devine service were conducted. It included two (diptych), three (triptych) and more leaves but described the same group of characters and a scene (Fig.2).
The most popular was a donator picture – the person who paid for altar image for charity. The altar image put a set of complex creative tasks for an artist but also it gave new wide possibilities for self-expressing while painting the altar space which was considered to be the main point of the charge in the church. Due to establishment of St. Francisco Order (Brotherhood) murals were flourishing. The Order of St. Francisco built a lot of new churches and it was time and money safe to decorate them with paintings, not mosaics, because the Order preached poverty.
The development of painting was influenced by St. Francisco who loved sincerely the living nature and the beauty of human life. Since 13th century a new vision on the surrounding world dominated in Middle Ages painting. Then the artists created and worked in a new realistic and humanistic manner, not refusing from religious theme.
Another religious current that influenced the development of painting art was the ongoing cult of Madonna (Fig.1). Many painters used this topic for their pictures.
F
ig.1
Ducco „Madonna with a child”
Fig.2 Wilton diptych
Ex.5. Match the words from the right column with the words from the left one to make the word-combinations. Translate them.
a)
1. to conduct 1. possibilities
2. to describe 2. poverty
3. to give 3. Devine service
4. to preach 4. topic
5. to use 5. characters
b)
1. new attitude 1. was decorated
2. an altar 2. was promoted
3. a task 3. was influenced
4. development 4. was built
5. a new church 5. was put
Ex.6. Fill in the gaps with an appropriate preposition (on; in; from; of; for):
Topic(1)… pictures; cult(2)… Madonna; to work(3)… manner; a vision(4)… the world; to refuse(5)… theme; to dominate(6)… painting; a set (7)… innovations; to pay(8) … altar image; (9)… charity.
Ex.7. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each sentence to form a word that fits in each gap:
1. The picture was bright and the… were pure and fresh. |
PAINT |
2. The churches were decorated with… |
PAINT |
3. While … he expresses his feelings and thoughts. |
PAINT |
4. Many … used the cult of Madonna for their works. |
PAINT |
5. The new outlook dominated in … of the 13th century. |
PAINT |
6. Paul Cezanne …still life. |
PAINT |
Ex.8. Choose the right definition to the words:
1. a donator 1. two leaves describing the same theme
2. the altar space 2. the main point of the charge in the church
3. a diptych 3. three leaves describing the same theme
4. a triptych 4. a person who paid for the altar image for charity
UNIT3. THE ITALIAN MASTERS. FRESCOES
Ex.1. Remember the words:
Verbs |
Adjectives |
Nouns |
|||
to turn over |
звертатися |
alive |
живий |
descendant |
попередник |
to excel |
затьмарювати |
genuine |
справжній, достотний |
session |
сеанс |
to forestall |
випереджувати |
wet |
мокрий |
contemporary |
сучасний, сучасник |
to accept |
визнавати |
|
|
vividness |
яскравість |
to convey |
передавати |
|
|
flesh |
плоть |
to shrivel |
висихати |
|
|
surrounding |
оточення |
to husk |
лущитися |
|
|
blood |
кров |
|
|
|
|
panel |
панно |
|
|
|
|
plaster |
штукатурка |
|
|
|
|
primer |
грунт |
|
|
|
|
layer |
шар |
Ex.2. Mind the pronunciation of the proper nouns:
Cimabue
Ducco
Giotto di Bondone
Tokyo