Illusion; personage; perspective; generation of artists; ornament; sovereign; style; atmosphere; to eradiate; to manifest; collector.

Ex.4. Read the text and translate it with a dictionary:

For the masters faced this task it was not easy to make an illusion of image reality, not external shapes but imparting real solid volume to personages and depth to flat surfaces, we mean perspective drawing ( Compare Fig.4 and Fig.5). Generations of the Italian artists mastered this technique diverting their attention to forming decorative ornaments. The same problem had to be solved by the artists in Europe influenced by the Italian Art in different periods of time.

By the end of 14^th century the painters working at the court of sovereigns had created a new style in painting called International Gothicism. Reflecting sophisticated unreal atmosphere of the court, their works irradiated exquisiteness and sophistication, but not an inner force. They sacrificed the perspective for external details. All these features manifested themselves brightly in decorated with miniatures manuscripts made for noble families (Fig.6). The most famous representative of this genre was Paul Limburg and two his brothers. Their patron and customer was the youngest brother of the French King Karl V being an outstanding collector and appreciator of Art.

Ex.5. Match the words from the right column with the words from the left one to make the word-combinations. Translate them.

a)

1. to face 1. a volume

2. to master 2. attention

3. to irradiate 3. a technique

4. to form 4. an ornament

5. to divert 5. a task

6. to impart 6. a force

b)

1. an artist 1. was sacrificed

2. a style 2. was influenced

3. a perspective 3. was called

4. a manuscript 4. was made

Fig.4 Miniature to a Psalter. (XIV c.)

Fig.5 „ Psalter from Amesbury” (XIII c.)

Fig.6 The calendar miniature „October”

Ex.6. Fill in the gaps with an appropriate preposition (to; in; of; for; by):

To give depth (1)… flat surfaces; to divert attention(2)…; an illusion (3)… image reality; a problem solved (4)… artists; features manifested themselves (5)… a genre; (6)… the end of 14^th century; to sacrifice smth (7)… smth; appreciator and collector (8)… Art; manuscripts made (9)… noble families.

Ex.7. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each sentence to form a word that fits in each gap:

1. The representatives of Ash-Can School showed unpleasant things, as they … were in life. They were …	REAL
2. The outlook of this painter is….	REAL
3. Can you … the cost of the masterpiece „Mona Lisa”? Is it …?	REAL
4. What is the… price of this picture?	REAL
5…. of this project needs additional financial resources.	REAL
6. The artist depicted the life of peasants….	REAL
7. Impressionists lost touch with …. Their works look so strange and even ….	REAL

Ex.8. Choose the right definition to the words:

1. International Gothicism 1. an illusion of image reality, imparting solid volume to personages

2. perspective drawing 2. a style reflecting sophisticated atmosphere of the Court

UNIT5.ADVENT OF OIL PAINTS

Ex.1. Remember the words:

Verbs		Adjectives		Nouns
to aid	допомагати	Flemish	фламандський	advent	поява
to surpass	перевершити	sharp	чіткий	oil paints	масляні фарби
to fail	зазнати поразки	wide	широкий	tempera	темпера
to deploy	наносити, покривати	boundless	безмежний	yolk	жовток
to strive	намагатися, сильно бажати	brilliant	яскравий, надзвичайний	lack	нестача, брак
to attain	досягати, здобувати			outline	лінія
				range	обсяг
				serenity	спокій
				grief	скорбота

Ex.2. Mind the pronunciation of the proper nouns:

Flanders

Belgium

The Netherlands

Robert Campin

Jan van Eyck

Rogier van Weyden

Ex.3. Guess the meaning of the international words:

fact; local; epoch; to mix; effect; portrait; master; talented; colour; to express; emotion.

Ex.4. Read the text and translate it with a dictionary:

In 1430-s in Flanders (now Belgium and the Netherlands) a fully new painting style was being developed. Both Italy and Flanders were lands of flourishing cities. Thanks to this fact a realistic style of local art is considered to be characteristic to this epoch. An important innovation - an advent of oil paints- has aided the development of Flemish Art. Mixed and mashed with oil pigments surpassed current tempera based on yolk in brightness. Painting with tempera failed in depicting details owing to the lack of time. Using oil paints gave the possibility to deploy layer by layer resulting in amazing effects. Since that time any artist striving for attaining perfection had preferred oil painting.

Flemish school. The founder of Flemish school of painting was Robert Campin but the most famous its representatives belong to the next generation. Portrait-painter Jan van Eyck (1390-1441) was the first master of the European oil painting. With oil paints he attained the magnificent play of light and shadow on different objects (Fig.7).

His younger contemporary Rogier van der Weyden (1399-1464) was a very talented artist. Not paying very much attention to details he preferred rich bright colours sharp outlines and fine shape simulation, having made his own unique style able to express wide range of emotions – from unruffled serenity to boundless grief. Flemish school has given many generations of brilliant masters in painting. Only since 1500 they had been replaced by a new trend – Italian Renaissance.

F ig.7. Jan van Eyck „Madonna in Church”

Ex.5. Match the words from the right column with the words from the left one to make the word-combinations. Translate them.

a)

1. to express 1. layers

2. to deploy 2. perfection

3. to depict 3. details

4. to attain 4. emotions

5. to use 5. tempera

b)

1. a play of light and shadow 1. was developed

2. a new trend 2. was preferred

3. a rich colour 3. was attained

4. a unique style 4. was made

5. a tempera 5. was used