29. Read text IX and point out the difference between Hepatitis a and Hepatitis b. Text IX. Hepatitis

Neonatal hepatitis may have multiple infectious causes.

Hepatitis A (HAV). Transmission of HAV to the neonate is possible if the mother is in the incubation period or is acutely symptomatic at the time of delivery or by transfusion of infected blood. In the neonate, the virus is detectable in the stool for several weeks without obvious clinical illness. This poses a hazard to susceptible care takers. HAV infection is established by detecting antigen in the stool or by findings anti-HAV-IgM antibody in serum specimens.

Enteric precautions are recommended for duration of hospitalization. In the infant born to an acutely symptomatic mother, human immune serum globulin should be considered although its effectiveness is unknown. The occurrence of HAV infection earlier in pregnancy is not an indication for withholding breast feeding or administration of immune serum globulin.

Hepatitis В (HBV). Incidence varies with ethnic origin of mother, the timing and type of maternal infection, whether or not mother is HBsAg and “e” positive. Transplacental transmission is rare. Transmission to an infant by HBsAg-positive mother occurs during or shortly after delivery. HBIG and Heptavax are used to protect the infant from acute infection and development of chronic infection.

A mother with acute (symptomatic) hepatitis late in pregnancy or shortly after delivery is much more likely to transmit infection to her infant than a mother with acute infection early in pregnancy or the mother who is a chronic carrier. The infected infant of a chronic carrier is more likely to develop severe chronic liver disease. Chronic liver disease is more common in Asians.

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with larger, more severe ASDs, however, may possibly show some of the following signs or symptoms: poor appetite, poor growth, and fatigue, shortness of breath, and lung problems and infections, such as pneumonia. If an

ASD is not treated, health problems can develop later, including an abnormal heart rhythm (known as an atrial arrhythmia) and problems in how well the heart pumps blood. As kids with ASDs get older, they may also be at an increased risk for stroke, since a blood clot that develops can pass through the hole in the wall between the atria and travel to the brain. Fortunately, most kids with ASD are diagnosed and treated long before the heart defect causes physical symptoms. Because of the complications that ASDs can cause later in life, pediatric cardiologists often recommend closing ASDs early in childhood.

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1. Read and learn the words by heart:

acquired infection	приобретенная инфекция
direct contact	прямой контакт
causative agent	Возбудитель
pathogenic microorganism syn. pathogen	патогенный (болезнетворный) микроорганизм
vaccine	Вакцина
inoculation	Прививка
innate immunity	врожденный иммунитет
to penetrate	Проникать
communicable, contagious, infectious	заразный, инфекционный
measles	Корь
whooping cough	Коклюш
mumps	Свинка
quinsy	Ангина
scarlet fever	Скарлатина
chickenpox	ветряная оспа (ветрянка)
smallpox	Оспа
period of decline	период спада (болезни)
convalescence	Выздоровление
suppurative	гнойный, гноеродный
resistance	Сопротивляемость
exposure	подвергание, выставление
to spread, to disseminate	распространять(ся)

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