- •Read text II and say what the main idea of it is:
- •Infant Patients with Adult Pain
- •Axillary temperature
- •8. Read and translate text I. Make the plan of the text (part a) using key-words and write the abstract (part b). Text I. Resuscitation of the newborn
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •24. Read the text and answer the question: “What are advantages of whole plant food diet?” Whole Plant Food Diet
- •1. Read and learn the words:
- •Read and translate the text. Make the plan of the text using key-words: breastfeeding
- •1. Read and translate the words:
- •Translate the word combinations with the given key-words:
- •Read and translate the text: Super-Size Sales
- •Read and translate the following word-combinations:
- •Read the text and give its annotation:
- •Read the text. Describe different genetic disorders:
- •12. Read and translate the text: jaundice
- •18. Read and translate the text. Make a summary: examination of the newborn
- •Read and translate text I. Make the plan of the text using key-words. Text I. Allergic manifestations in children
- •Read text XI and answer the questions below it. Text XI. Hiv
- •1. Read and learn the words by heart:
- •29. Read text IX and point out the difference between Hepatitis a and Hepatitis b. Text IX. Hepatitis
- •1. Read and learn the words by heart:
- •Read and translate text I. Make the plan of the text using key-words. Text I. Infectious diseases of childhood
- •Read and translate the text. Make the plan of the text using key-words. Text I. Tetralogy of Fallot
- •16. Read and translate text III. Make up the plan of the text using key words: Text III. Atrial Septal Defect
- •1. Read and learn the words by heart:
- •Read and translate the text. Give its abstract.
- •22. Read the text and discuss the meaning of the title “Now I feel tall”. Note information on the following:
- •Text V. “Now I Feel Tall” - What a Patient-led nhs Feels Like Creating a Patient-led nhs
- •Read text III and answer the question: “Why do many people smoke and drink?” Express your own opinion. Text III. Avoid Destructive Habits
- •22. Read text VI and give summary. Text VI
- •Read and translate the text:
Read and translate the following word-combinations:
Pulse, respiratory rate, temperature, weight, length, head circumference and any visible or palpable structural abnormality should be recorded.
Examining the newborn requires patience, gentleness, and procedural flexibility. If the baby is quiet and relaxed at the beginning of the examination, palpation of the abdomen or auscultation of the heart should be performed first before the more disturbing manipulation are done.
General appearance: pallor, jaundice or cyanosis. Features of syndromes like Down’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome, etc. Is the baby appropriate for the period of gestation: small or large, lanugo or evidence of postmaturity?
Skin: birth marks, miconium staining, cyanosis, subcutaneous bleeding etc.
Head: size, tension of fontanelles, cephalhacmaloma or depressed fractures, head circumference, sternoastoid swelling.
Face: fades, jaws, harelip, ptosis or cataract, subconjunctival hemorrhage.
Arms and hands: proportions of arms or fingers, number of fingers, normal movements, Erb’s palsy, palmar creases, edema.
Chest: distortion, recession, distress, respiratory rate, air entry, additional sounds, etc.
Cardiovascular system: apex, precordial impulse, pulse, heart murmurs.
Legs and feet: proportions of legs and feet, club foot, femoral pulse, test for congenital dislocation of the hip by Ortoloni’s test.
Read the text and give its annotation:
NEONATAL RICKETS
Premature infants can, during the first 3-4 months of life, have hypocalcemia associated with bone hypomineralization or frank rickets. Often there is a history of severe BDP and chronic diuretic therapy. Phosphate deficiency may predominate.
Evaluation
Monitor serum calcium and phosphorus biweekly in infants at risk.
Alkaline phosphatase cannot be used as sole measurement due to pooor correlation with other biochemical and X-ray findings.
Evaluation of bone mineralization is necessary when biochemical abnormalities are noted. Routine X-ray screening at 6-9 weeks can be justified to identify severe osteopenia.
Complete evaluation requires a serum PTH measurement.
Severe demineralization occurs most frequently when a phosphorus deficiency is superimposed on 25-OHD deficiency. Human milk and infant formulas often do not meet the needs of the very small premature infant, leading to classical phosphate-deficiency rickets.
With severe vitamin D deficiency, osteopenia, low normal calcium, low phosphorus, high alkaline phosphatase, and an elevated PTH or generalized aminoaciduria are seen.
Therapy
Infants with rickets or severe osteopenia have been successfully treated with oral vitamin D at dose of 4000 IU\day. Vitamin D deficiency rickets has been treated with oral 1.25- dihydroxy-vitamin D in doses of 0.04 - 0.08 pg/kg/day 9 up to maximum of 1-2 pg/day).
Improved mineralization may be seen on a high calcium-high phosphorus formula with a calcium-phosphorus ratio below 2:1.