Part 3 Vocabulary as a System

IX

Semantic fields. Hyponyms. Antonyms.

Questions and tasks:

1. How is “Field” understood in Linguistics?

2. What is Semantic Field? Who introduced it?

3. How is Semantic Field characterised by Trier?

4. What types of Semantic Field were introduced?

5. What relation is called hyponymic?

6. Define “Hyperonym”, “Hyponym”, “Equanym”.

7. Illustrate different levels of generalisation in hyperonyms.

8. How do the denotatum of the hyperonym and hyponym correlate?

9. What is the difference between antonyms and conversives?

10. How are antonyms be classified?

Practical exercises:

1. Identify the type of Semantic Field: 1) car, wheel, hood, body, engine, carburettor, radiator; 2) childhood, adolescence, maturity, old age; 3) teacher, students, blackboard, explanation, task; 4) “Princess Nuri”, tea, drink; 5) morning, afternoon, evening, night; 6) trunk, leaf, branch, root, sprout, fruit.

2. Pick out the hyperonym, hyponym and equanym for the following words: motorcycle, television, doctor, story, football, picture, adjective, song, planet.

3. Ex. 7 (p. 223) (Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология английского языка. М., 2000).

4. Ex. 8 (p. 223) (abid).

Literature: 1) Arnold I.V. The English Word. Moscow, 1986 – pp. 209-215; 2) Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология английского языка. М., 2000 – pp. 216– 219, 280–282. 3) Никитин М.В. Курс лингвистической семантики. СПб., 2007 – pp. 357–443; 4) Дубенец Э.М. Современный английский язык. Лексикология: пособие для студентов гуманитарных вузов М., СПб., 2004 – pp. 135-141; 5) Зыкова И.В. Практический курс английской лексикологии. М., 2006, pp. 39-46.

X

Semantic fields. Synonyms

Questions and tasks:

1. Give the definition of synonyms.

2. What is a synonymic dominant?

3. How do linguists treat the criterion of interchangeability in synonymy?

4. What types of synonyms are recognised?

5. What are the sources of synonymy?

6. What words are called euphemisms?

7. What words are called paronyms?

Practical exercises:

1) Ex. 2 (p. 198) ; 2) Ex. 3 (p. 200) ; 3) Ex. 6 (p. 202); 4) Ex. 8 (p. 203); 5) Ex. 9 (p. 204); 6) Ex. 12 (p. 206); 7) Ex. 14 (p. 207); 8) Ex. 2 (p. 220); 9) Ex. 6 (p. 222) (Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология английского языка. М., 2000).

Literature: 1) Arnold I.V. The English Word. Moscow, 1986 – pp. 194-208; 2) Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология английского языка. М., 2000 – pp. 216- 219. 3) Никитин М.В. Курс лингвистической семантики. СПб., 2007 – pp. 393–397; 4) Дубенец Э.М. Современный английский язык. Лексикология: пособие для студентов гуманитарных вузов М., СПб., 2004 – pp. 131-135; 5) Зыкова И.В. Практический курс английской лексикологии. М., 2006, pp. 43-50.

XI-XII

Phraseology

Questions and tasks:

1. What is a Phraseological Unit? What terms are synonymous to it?

2. What is the difference between a Phraseological Unit and a word?

3. What is the difference between a Phraseological Unit, a free phrase and a semi-fixed combination?

4. What are the ways of forming Phraseological Units?

5. What classifications of Phraseological Units have been introduced?

6. Innumerate the basic characteristics of Phraseological Units?

7. What are proverbs and sayings?

8. What role do Phraseological Units, proverbs and sayings play in speech?

Practical exercises:

1) Ex. 2 (p. 237); 2) Ex. 3 (p. 237); 3) Ex. 4 (p. 237); 4) Ex. 5 (p. 238); 5) Ex. 8 (p. 239); 6) Ex. 9 (p. 239); 7) Ex. 11-12 (p. 240); 8) Ex. 2 (p. 252); 9) Ex. 3 (p. 253); 10) Ex. 5 (p. 255); 11) Ex. 6 (p. 255); 12) Ex. 8 (p. 256); 13) Ex. 9 (p. 257); 14) Ex. 10 (p. 257); 15) Ex. 11 (p. 258) (Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология английского языка. М., 2000).

Literature: 1) Arnold I.V. The English Word. Moscow, 1986 – pp. 165-181; 2) Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология английского языка. М., 2000 – pp. 225– 236, 242–251; 3) Дубенец Э.М. Современный английский язык. Лексикология: пособие для студентов гуманитарных вузов М., СПб., 2004 – pp. 83-98; 5) Зыкова И.В. Практический курс английской лексикологии. М., 2006, pp. 128-145.

XIII

Functional variation of words (Formal Style)

Questions and tasks:

1. What words are called marked words?

2. Describe the characteristics of the Basic Vocabulary?

3. What is a Functional Style?

4. What functional styles are recognised by linguists?

5. What is the difference between a functional style and a register?

6. Characterise formal vocabulary.

7. What groups of words are included into formal vocabulary?

8. Characterise learned words.

9. Characterise official words.

10. Characterise obsolete words.

11. Characterise neologisms and their groups.

12. Characterise terms.

Practical exercises:

1) Ex. 2 (p. 39); 2) Ex. 3 (p. 41); 3) Ex. 4 (p. 42) (Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология английского языка. М., 2000).

Literature: 1) Arnold I.V. The English Word. Moscow, 1986 – pp. 240-245; 2) Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология английского языка. М., 2000 – pp. 27-43. 3) Гвишиани Н.Б. Современный английский язык: Лексикология. М., 2000 – pp. 27–56; 4) Дубенец Э.М. Современный английский язык. Лексикология: пособие для студентов гуманитарных вузов М., СПб., 2004 – pp. 151-174.

XIV

Functional variation of words (Informal Style. Dialects. Variants)

Questions and tasks:

1. Characterise informal vocabulary.

2. What groups of words are included into informal vocabulary?

3. What are colloquial words? What groups do they form?

4. Characterise each group of colloquialisms.

5. What are slang words?

6. What is Standard English?

7. What is a dialect? Name dialects of the English language.

8. What are dialectisms?

9. What is a variant? How do a variant and a dialect differ? Name variants of the English language.

10. Characterise American English.

Practical exercises:

1) Ex. 2 (p. 22); 2) Ex. 3 (p. 23); 3) Ex. 4 (p. 25); 4) Ex. 4 (p. 268); 5) Ex. 5 (p. 269); 6) Ex. 13 (p. 271) (Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология английского языка. М., 2000).

Literature: 1) Arnold I.V. The English Word. Moscow, 1986 – pp. 245-251; 2) Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология английского языка. М., 2000 – pp. 12–21, 259-275. 3) Гвишиани Н.Б. Современный английский язык: Лексикология. М., 2000 – pp. 27–56; 4) Дубенец Э.М. Современный английский язык. Лексикология: пособие для студентов гуманитарных вузов М., СПб., 2004 – pp. 141-151; 5) Зыкова И.В. Практический курс английской лексикологии. М., 2006, pp. 145-187.