Грамматика
Страдательный залог (часть 2)
В страдательном залоге имеются только два времени группы Continuous: Present Continuous u Past Continuous; форма Future Continuous отсутствует. В страдательном залоге отсутствуют также времена группы Perfect Continuous (таблица 10).
Таблица 10. Образование Passive voice
|
Indefinite |
Continuous |
Perfect |
Present |
I am invited |
I am being invited |
I have been invited |
Past |
I was invited |
I was being invited |
I had been invited |
Future |
I shall be invited |
|
I shall have been Invited |
Future in the Past |
I should invited |
|
I should have been Invited |
При образовании вопросительной формы вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Am I invited? Если вспомогательный глагол употребляется в сложной форме (shall be, have been и т.д.), то только первый вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Shall I be invited? Have I been invited?
При образовании отрицательной формы частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола: I am not invited. Если вспомогательный глагол употреблен в сложной форме (will be, has been и т.д.), то частица not ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола: You will not be invited. He has not been invited
При образовании вопросительной формы вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Am I invited? Если вспомогательный глагол употребляется в сложной форме (shall be, have been и т.д.), то только первый вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Shall I be invited? Have I been invited?
При образовании отрицательной формы частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола: I am not invited. Если вспомогательный глагол употреблен в сложной форме (will be, has been и т.д.), то частица not ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола: You will not be invited. He has not been invited.
ЗАДАНИЯ ПО ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ
Exercise 6. Ответьте на вопросы по образцу (компетенция № 7).
Образец: – Aren’t you going to send him a telegram? (tomorrow) - It will be sent tomorrow.
1. Aren’t you going to paint your country house this year? (only last year).
2. Aren’t you going to raise this question? (at the next meeting).
3. Aren’t you going to call a doctor? (early in the morning).
4. Aren’t you going to throw away old papers? (at the end of this year).
5. Aren’t you going to prepare the room for his arrival? (yesterday).
6. When are you going to solve this problem? (after the examinations).
7. When will you return the books to the library? (the day after tomorrow).
8. When are you going to explain everything to him? (tomorrow).
9. When are you going to settle this matter ?(next week).
10. Are you going to sign the invitations? (in the evening).
11. Where are you going to hold the party? (at our friend’s house).
12. Are you going to sell your car? (after the trip).
13. When are you going to fix your CD player? (after my spring term is over).
14. Are you going to clean the country house? (at the beginning of May).
15. When are you going to change these curtains ? (after the renovation).
Exercise 7. Раскройте скобки используя страдательный залог (компетенция № 1,2).
1. This book (write) many years ago but it still (read) with great interest.
2. By whom this film (make)?
3. This house (paint) two years ago, I don’t know when it (paint) again.
4. What factory (show) to the visitors tomorrow?
5. Library books must not (keep) longer than a fortnight.
6. These facts (not mention) in his report.
7. When the ad (place) in the newspaper?
8. This museum (visit) by thousands of people every year.
9. I am afraid our holidays (spoil) by bad weather.
10. When windows (wash) last?
11. Who the story (translate) by?
12. After the car (wash) by the children, it (wax and polish) by the parents.
13. All the specifications (revise) by next Tuesday.
14. I am so upset. My flight (delay).
15. Since the dinner (prepare) by the girls, the dishes (wash) by the boys.
Exercise 8. Переведите на английский язык (компетенция № 5).
1. Время отправления было объявлено по громкоговорителю минуту назад.
2. Только что был избран новый президент ассоциации.
3. Не беспокойтесь, письмо будет отправлено вовремя.
4. Наши работы были проверены очень быстро.
5. Я очень удивлена этой новостью.
6. Много молодых людей нанимается этой компанией.
7. Новое оборудование устанавливается в данный момент.
8. Мы вошли на кухню и обнаружили, что пирожное было съедено кошкой.
9. На испанском говорят во многих странах мира.
10. Беовульф был написан неизвестным автором.
11. Нас уверили, что никого не забудут и все будут щедро вознаграждены.
12. Осторожнее, окно красят! А двери уже выкрасили.
13. А вот и дом, который был построен Джеком для своей матери.
14. Никто не может сказать точно, когда было изобретено колесо. 15. В этом ресторане пиво не подают.
Exercise 9. Переведите на английский язык (компетенция № 5).
A. 1. Когда мы доберемся туда, дождь уже прекратится.
2. Когда мы увидим ее в следующий раз, она уже сдаст свой последний экзамен.
3. К этому времени она тебя совсем забудет.
4. Поторапливайся. Дети уже придут из школы, когда мы вернемся.
5. Какие меры будут приняты до его приезда?
6. К этому времени они и сами все поймут.
7. Мы придем к часу. Секретарь уже уйдет обедать.
8. Когда мы придем, все уже будет решено.
9. Он уже уедет к концу дня.
В. 1. Он просит, чтобы я позвонил ему, как только приеду в аэропорт.
2. – Ты все еще делаешь домашнее задание? Ведь осталось всего полчаса до начала игры. – Ничего, я думаю, что закончу его до того, как начнется передача.
3. Он говорит, что едва узнает родной город. – Неудивительно. В последний раз он был здесь после войны. С тех пор многое изменилось.
4. – Когда твой брат закончил университет? – Он его еще не закончил. Он пишет сейчас дипломную работу. – Давно он ее пишет? – Нет, только начал. Говорит, что закончит ее к июню.
5. – Ты уже просмотрел газету? – Подожди, я читаю передовицу. – О чем там пишут? – Вот уже три дня идет конгресс. Передовица комментирует его.
6. Никто ее не навещал, с тех пор как она больна.
7. Мы навестили ее дважды с тех пор, как она заболела.
8. Она очень изменилась, с тех пор как знает это.
9. Он директор нашего завода.
10. Он директор с 1970 года.
11. Я же говорил вам об этом два раза. Разве вы не помните?
12. Дождь шел вчера с 5 до 7.
13. Если он придет после того, как я уйду, дайте ему письмо, которое лежит на письменном столе.
14. Вечно она болтает по телефону!
15. Закройте окно. Идет дождь, и стало очень холодно. Погода сильно изменилась со вчерашнего дня.
16. Я уезжаю в Москву на будущей неделе.
17. Они уехали, когда было еще светло.
Exercise 10. Ответьте на вопросы (компетенция № 7).
1. Are all your lectures delivered in English?
2. Have you ever been told how to organize your work?
3. Education is paid great attention to in our country, isn’t it?
4. When was America discovered?
5. By whom was it discovered?
6. When was the main building of our University built?
7. By whom was radio invented?
8. What holiday will be celebrated soon?
9. Why will it be celebrated?
10. How will this day be celebrated at your place?
11. Who was «The American Tragedy» written by?
12. When are your newspapers usually delivered?
13. Has any of you been asked to write a course paper?
14. Have you been invited to the ceremony?
15. Have you been told to read a lot in English?
Exercise 11. Перестройте предложения в страдательный залог там, где это возможно (компетенция № 4).
1. Has anybody sent for Dr. Smith?
2. She likes her hair long.
3. Walter didn’t give us any explanation of his strange conduct.
4. They gave us no choice.
5. Nobody promised me anything.
6. Ray always expresses himself very clearly.
7. Dr. Ross is performing an operation.
8. Many people attended the concert.
9. Miss Robinson dictated the words to us.
10. The nurse told her nothing.
11. Nobody commented on the statement.
12. He became a pilot.
13. Nobody tells us anything.
14. They served coffee in the dining-room.
15. Everyone had a lovely time at the party.
16. The Egyptians played a game like checkers in 1600 B.C.
17. Dad caught the largest fish.
18. Susan tamed the bird.
19. The boat stopped for repairs.
20. Our department manager hired two part-timers.
Exercise 12. Переведите на английский язык (компетенция № 5).
1. Я спросила ее, почему она так расстроена.
2. Он обещал, что принесет нам несколько книг для домашнего чтения.
3. Я сказала ему, когда пришла и сколько сделала.
4. Он сказал, что скоро вернется и поможет мне перевести статью.
5. Вы знали, что я больна. Почему вы меня не навестили?
6. Он сказал, что не брал этой книги из библиотеки, так как у него есть собственная книга на эту тему.
7. Я не знала, что вы были больны. Мне только вчера сказали, что вы пропустили 10 занятий.
8. Она сказала, что у нее не было времени прочесть эту книгу и что она собирается сделать это на днях.
9. Я не была уверена, получил ли он нашу телеграмму и сможет ли он приехать 10-часовым поездом.
10. Я недавно узнала, что они вернулись в Москву.
11. Она сказала, что опустит письмо, как только закончит работу.
12. Она расстроилась, когда мы сказали ей, что он приехал три дня назад. Она надеялась, что он ей сразу позвонит.
13. Мы удивились, узнав, что они прошли задень 50 километров.
14. Он поинтересовался, куда все ушли.
15. Мы были рады, что они договорились об автобусе для экскурсии.
Проф-тексты
Exercise 13. Прочитайте, переведите и перескажите на английский язык, используя данные слова (компетенция № 11).
Law
Law is a system of rules, usually enforced through a set of institutions. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a primary social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus ticket to trading on derivatives markets. Property law defines rights and obligations related to the transfer and title of personal (often referred to as chattel) and real property. Trust law applies to assets held for investment and financial security, while tort law allows claims for compensation if a person’s rights or property are harmed. If the harm is criminalised in a statute, criminal law offers means by which the state can prosecute the perpetrator. Constitutional law provides a framework for the creation of law, the protection of human rights and the election of political representatives. Administrative law is used to review the decisions of government agencies, while international law governs affairs between sovereign nation states in activities ranging from trade to environmental regulation or military action. Writing in 350 BC, the Greek philosopher Aristotle declared, “The rule of law is better than the rule of any individual.” Legal systems elaborate rights and responsibilities in a variety of ways. A general distinction can be made between civil law jurisdictions, which codify their laws, and common law systems, where judge made law is not consolidated. In some countries, religion still informs the law.
Vocabulary
politics - политика
society - общество
obligations - обязанности
investment – инвестиции
Exercise 14 Ответьте на вопросы (компетенция № 13).
What is law?
What is contract law?
What is constitutional law?
What is administrative law?
What did Aristotle say about law?
Exercise 15. Прочитайте и переведите на английский язык (компетенция № 12).
Закон — в политике и юриспруденции набор правил или норм поведения, который определяет, предписывает или разрешает определённые отношения между людьми, организациями и государством, обеспечивает методы непредвзятого обращения с этими людьми, а также наказания для тех, кто не следует установленным правилам поведения. Закон в человеческом обществе контрастен и варьируется в зависимости от вероисповедания, поклонения и самобытности человека в его организации жизни. В человеческом обществе закон устанавливает формальный режим, который упорядочивает виды человеческой деятельности и человеческие отношения путём систематического применения силы со стороны политически организованного общества.
Дополнительно
Поговорим о путешествии поездом.
Exercise 16. Прочитайте и переведите на английский язык (компетенция № 5).
Travelling By Train
Dialogue 1
Passenger: I want a ticket to London, please. Which train must I take?
Booking-clerk: If I were you, I should take the 8.35 train.
Passenger: Do I have to change anywhere?
Booking-clerk: No, no change, it’s a through train.
Passenger: Thank you. A ticket to London, please.
Booking-clerk: Single or return?
Passenger: Return, please, first class.
Booking-clerk: Here you are.
Passenger: Thank you. What time did you say the train goes?
Booking-clerk: 8.35. You’ll have to hurry if you want to register your luggage.
Passenger: Thanks. (He hurries away)
Dialogue 2
Porter, will you see to my luggage, please?
P. Where for, sir?
A. I am taking the ten o’clock train for Glasgow. Have this trunk label led and put it in the luggage van, and two suit-cases can go in the carriage.
P. Right, sir. What class?
A. First. Find me a corner seat facing the engine in a smoker.
P. Have you got your ticket, sir?
A. No, not yet. Where’s the booking-office?
P. Come along with me, sir. I’ll show you. Here it is. You take your ticket, sir, and I’ll meet you on the platform.
A. Which platform is it?
P. Number 8, over there.
……………………….
P. Here you are, sir. I’ve found you a corner seat next to the corridor. Your carriage is near the dining-car and you can order lunch when the attendant comes along.
A. What time do we get to Glasgow?
P. You are due to arrive at 6.15.
A. Thank you, here you are.
P. Thank you, sir. I hope you’ll find the journey comfortable.
A. Well, if I have some minutes left, I should like to go and get myself a book to while away the time during the journey.
P. I’ll bring you a paper, sir.
(From English Linguaphone Course)
Exercise 17. Ответьте на вопросы (компетенция № 7).
1. How many railway stations are there in Petersburg? What are they? Which of them it the oldest? Do you happen to know when it was built?
2. Where do trains come in and go out?
3. Where can you buy a ticket for your journey?
4. What is the fare to Moscow? How much is the return ticket to Moscow?
5. What are waiting-rooms for? 6. Who can help you with your luggage?
7. In what way do porters canny luggage?
8. What is a luggage van?
9. What kinds of trains do you know? What trains do you prefer? Why?
10. Where can one have a light refreshment?
11. What trains have dining-cars?
12. Do you prefer to book your ticket beforehand or to queue up at the booking-office?
13.What is the left-luggage office for?
14. What do the people who prefer to travel light do with their luggage?
15. Do you usually travel light or with a lot of things?
16. Where can you buy a newspaper at the railway station?
17. Do you like seeing your friends and relatives off?
18. Do you like it when your friends and relatives come to see you off?
19. What does a big railway station look like?
20. Where can one get information about the time of arrival and departure of trains?
Exercise 18. Задайте вопросы (компетенция № 7).
___________ from what railway station trains for Helsinki (Warsaw, Kiev, Tallinn, Sochi, Moscow, etc.) start.
___________ at what platform the 8.30 train for Sosnovo is standing
___________ where the booking-office is
___________ if there are many people in the waiting-room now
___________ where you can get something to read (at the station)
___________ how much porters charge for a piece of luggage
___________ if there is a good restaurant at Warsaw station
___________ why he (she) is going to take a stopping train
___________ if there is a through train from here to Saratov.
___________ why express trams fares are the highest
___________ for what kind of travelers local trains are
___________ if he (she) has ever travelled on a long distance train and how he (she) liked it
___________ if there is a dining-car on the night express to Moscow
___________ where you can buy a ticket for a train journey
___________ if it is possible to book a ticket to Hamburg beforehand
___________ who takes care of passengers on board a train
___________ in what cases passengers leave their luggage in the left-luggage office
___________ if there are long queues at the booking-offices in summer
___________ if he (she) usually travels light
___________ who usually comes to see him (her) off.
Lesson 6
ЗАДАНИЯ ПО ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ
Exercise 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (компетенция № 5).
What my future holds…
When you leave school you understand that the time to choose your future profession has come. It’s not an easy task to make right choice of a job. You can start a working career go into business or continue schooling to receive a higher education. There is one institute or a few institutes is nearly every Russian city. There are dozens of them in Moscow and St. Petersburg. If you want to get a professional training you can enter a technical college. There are over 2000 professions to choose and make a decision. It is a dilemma for all family. Fathers usually wants their children to follow their footsteps. Mothers don’t want their sons and daughters to leave the native town. So they persuade kids to enter local colleges and universities. Because of the wide difference in jobs, you should find out all you can about any job which interests you. This can be done by going to the library and by reading widely, and also by talking to adults who have different kinds of jobs. You also need to think about how well you can do what you would like to do. Some follow their parents advice and some follow their own choice. To make the right choice you should consider your traits and characters. To become a good doctor you must be patient, easygoing and kind/ The teacher’s work requires love for children, profound knowledge of subjects and the ability to explain. Detective’s job is very stressful. He must be brave, fair and strong. A couple of years ago I wanted to become a doctor. I thought it was a very noble profession. I was good at biology at the 8 and 9 forms. I wanted to help people who had problems with their health. I know that a doctor should be noble in work and life, kind and attentive to people, honest and prudent. A doctor who is selfish and dishonest can’t be good at his profession. I tried to do my best to develop good traits in myself.
Now I have already decided what to do. I’d like to be a teacher. I know that it is very difficult to be a good teacher. You should know perfectly the subject you teach, you must be well-educated and well-informed. A good teacher develops in his students a desire for knowledge and love for truth and beauty. Teaching must be the greatest of all the arts. It is a great responsibility to educate the children. I think that’s the reason why teachers are deeply respected. More and more people realize that every educated person should know a foreign language. That is why I’m going to become an English teacher. I liked English when we first started learning it is still my favourite subject. I will try to enter the department of foreign languages at the University. You study 5 years at Russian universities. After your final exams you are a qualified teacher of English. University education is deep and many-sided. Some students like a post-graduate course to follow an academic career.
Vocabulary
Future – будущее
local - местный
persuade - убедить
adults - взрослые
attentive внимательный
prudent - осторожный
responsibility - ответственность
favourite - любимый
post-graduate course - аспирантура
example of competence – пример высокой компетенции
Exercise 2 Перескажите текст на английском языке (компетенция № 6).
Exercise 3. Ответьте на вопросы (компетенция № 7).
1. What happens after we leave school?
2. How do parents influence their children’s decision to continue their education?
3. How is it right to choose a job?
4. What will the author do in the future?
Exercise 4 Ответьте на вопросы о себе (компетенция № 7).
1. What happened to you when you left school?
2. How did you make your choice?
3. Did you parents influence you?
4. What are your plans for the future?
Exercise 5. Расскажите собственную историю о вашей учебе (компетенция № 8).
Действительный залог (повторение)
Exercise 6 Поставьте глаголы в Future Progressive или Future Perfect (компетенция № 3).
1. My brother is a graduate student. He (finish) his studies by spring this year.
2. Don’t you know what Peter (do) at 7 o’clock?
3. I really can’t spare any time this weekend. I (work) all day Saturday and Sunday.
4. When I call on her, Mary (lay) the table.
5. When the hands of the clock are close to eleven, our train (approach) Portsmouth.
6. While you are writing this exercise, we (prepare) our home-reading.
7. I think we (cook) dinner by the time Mother comes home.
8. It’s beginning to get dark; the street lights (go) on in a few minutes.
9. When I get home, my dog (sit) at the door waiting for me.
10. Let’s wait here; Tower Bridge (open) in a minute to let the ships through.
11. Before long, millions of tourists (visit) the new Tretyakov Gallery.
12. I hope that by the end of the year I (earn) enough money to go on a trip.
13. They promise that by next week, they (master) the problem.
14. I (work) here six months before I receive the first raise.
15. The chief executive officer (present) all the information to all new employees before they assume their positions.
16. The manager says that he (evaluate) her portfolio next week.
Exercise 7. Поставьте глаголы в Future Progressive или Future Perfect (компетенция № 3).
1. At 8 o’clock tomorrow my friend and I ____________.
2. Don’t come between six and eight; I ____________.
3. At this time tomorrow my mother ____________ .
4. By that time tomorrow we....
5. While you are reading-up for your exams I ____________ .
6. Before you ring me up I ____________.
7. By the time he arrives ____________.
8. Before I get home ____________.
9. By the time we return ____________.
10. By the end of the month our group ____________.
11. When Christmas comes we ____________’.
12. Before we pass the grammar test we ____________.
13. By the time the children are grown she ____________.
14. On Saturday evening my friends and I ____________.
15. Before you realized it you ____________
Exercise 8. Переведите на английский (компетенция № 5, 3).
1. Когда ты вернешься, компьютер уже проверит все файлы.
2. Собрание закончится к тому времени.
3. К концу года она уже окончит университет.
4. К тому времени как мы приедем, он будет там уже три недели.
5. Они пообедают к трем часам.
6. Они уже обсудят свой план, когда мы придем.
7. Они закончат строительство дома к Новому году.
8. Они уже уложат вещи, когда придет такси.
9. Позвоните в семь. Я думаю, к этому времени секретарь закончит печатать документы.
10. К тому времени как она окончит университет, я буду преподавать уже 3 года в школе.
11. Когда моя дочь пойдет в школу, мы будем жить здесь уже 2 года.
12. Самое раннее мы доберемся туда к восьми. Они будут ждать уже больше часа. Мама будет волноваться.
13. Я не смогу пойти с вами в кино. К трем часам я буду работать на компьютере уже часов пять и мои глаза устанут. Я лучше погуляю. Я не хочу давать глазам дополнительную нагрузку.
14. К тому времени, как она приедет домой на каникулы, мы с братом уже уедем в лагерь.
15. Зайдите еще раз. Я уверена, что он подпишет документы к концу дня.
Exercise 9. Поставьте глаголы согласно вашего понимания хода событий (компетенция № 5, 2).
The Family Secret
I (travel) for three hours when I finally arrived at the house where I (work) as a governess. I (welcome) by Mrs. Fairfax, the housekeeper. My new master was a Mr. Rochester, who (be) often away from home. My pupil Adele (can) hardly (speak) English as she (spend) her childhood in France. Luckily I (learn) French very well at school, and (have) no difficulty in communicating with Adele. I (teach) her for several hours every day, though it was not easy to make her (concentrate) on anything for long as she never (teach) the discipline of lessons. One day I (take) the opportunity to ask Mrs. Fairfax about Mr. Rochester. «They (own) the land round here for years and everybody always (respect) them», she began. «He (travel) a lot and (not spend) much time at home». While dinner (cook), the good old lady (tell) me the following story of Mr. Rochester’s love-affair in Paris: «He (fall) in love with a French dancer, Celine, and like any fool in love (throw) a fortune on her, (buy) a house, a carriage and jewels for her. One evening as he (wait) for her on the balcony he saw her (kiss) another man. A lover! The next day Mr. Rochester (shoot) the man in the arm during their fight and (leave) for England. But a few months before that Celine (have) a baby girl, Adele, and she said it was Mr. Rochester’s child. A few years later he (bring) Adele from Paris as he wanted her (educate) in England». I felt happy that Mrs. Fairfax (trust) me with the family secret.
Exercise 10. Выберите между Past Indefinite и Past Perfect Tense (компетенция № 2).
1. The train (arrive) two minutes ago.
2. By 6 o’clock we (arrive) at the station.
3. When Jane Eyre (finish) school she (remain) there to work as a teacher.
4. Before the teacher (enter) the classroom, the pupils (prepare) everything for the lesson.
5. When the bell (ring), the teacher (enter) the classroom and the lesson (begin).
6. I (have dinner) at home before I (go) to the theatre.
7. When I (learn) that my friend (arrive) I (decide) to visit her.
8. Yesterday we (visit) the Russian Museum. When we (come) home we (tell) our sister about everything we (see) there.
9. On Saturday my friend and I (decide) to go to the theatre. We (buy) tickets for the play and at six o’clock we (meet) at the entrance. When we (take) our seats I (remember) that I (leave) my opera glasses at home.
10. He (enter) the office, (come) to my desk and (stop) in front of me. I (know) at once what he was going to say. I (suspect) for a long time that he was going to leave.
11. The company hired Mr. Spencer because he (live) in India for five years.
12. He (lose) confidence in himself before he (be fired).
13. I was very upset. They (cancel) the party after I (make) all arrangements for it.
14. The children (be disappointed) because they (hope) to go with us.
15. Although the morning forecast (predict) rain, the afternoon (be clear).
Exercise 11. Измените предложения из Simple Past в the Past Perfect по образцу (компетенция № 5).
Образец: We did our work in the evening. – We had done our work by 7 in the evening.
She was ill for 2 days. – She had been ill for 2 days, when I heard about it.
1. Peter and Ann finished school in 1980.
2. My sister learned English at school.
3. They took their exams in January.
4. He didn’t go far in the forest last night as it began to rain.
5. She didn’t hear from him last month.
6. On Friday Peter came up with several ideas about his research project.
7. I forgot that Sunday was her birthday.
8. Somebody entered the house before us.
9. At the end of the month we found that we made some profit.
10. We finished the celebration at 11.00 p.m.
11. The new books arrived on Tuesday morning.
12. We didn’t hear from them for three days.
13. I bought the groceries on Wednesday.
14. I studied the manual carefully.
15. The morning mail came at 7:00 a.m.
Exercise 12. Закончите предложения, используя Past Perfect Tense (компетенция № 2).
1. When Jane came to Brighton she remembered ____________ .
2. Ted was late for the lecture because ____________.
3. When Nancy came to the police station she learned that ____________.
4. Lanny returned to the native village after ____________.
5. Tom and Becky left the cave after ____________.
6. Aunt Polly didn’t believe that Tom ____________ .
7. The house turned out to be much bigger than ____________.
8. We were not surprised at the turn of the situation as ____________.
9. Miranda speaks four foreign languages fluently. It’s not surprising because ____________ .
10. I fell in love before ____________.
11. His clothes were dirty, evidently ____________.
12. Pamela finally decided to go to the party as ____________.
13. Ted wasn’t hungry because ____________.
14. I was late, the concert ____________.
15. The streets were wet, surely ____________.
Exercise 13. Закончите предложения (компетенция № 2).
1. Hardly had I entered the University ____________.
2. Scarcely had she opened the umbrella ____________.
3. No sooner had he raised his hand ____________.
4. Hardly had they entered the hall____________.
5. Hardly had she opened her eyes ____________.
6. Hardly had the bus pulled into the station ____________.
7. No sooner had I realized what was happening ____________.
8. ____________ when she noticed her friend.
9. ____________ when she knocked at the door.
10. ____________ than the lights went out.
11. ____________ when the door closed.
12. ____________ than it was blown away.
13. ____________ when the light went down.
Exercise 14. Переведите на английский язык (компетенция № 5, 2).
1. Едва она начала рассказывать свою историю, как он побледнел.
2. Не успела она и слова молвить, как незнакомец вошел в дом.
3. Едва мы вышли из машины, как начался дождь.
4. Не успели мы закончить перевод, как преподаватель собрал тетради.
5. Не успела я закончить упражнение, как ко мне пришли друзья.
6. Едва она исправила одну ошибку, как сделала вторую.
7. Едва закончилось собрание, как всех пригласили на концерт.
8. Не успела она закрыть окно, как началась гроза.
9. Едва они вышли на улицу, как ребенок заплакал.
10. Не успел выпасть снег, как дети начали играть в снежки.
11. Она была счастлива – она получила стипендию университета.
12. Не успела я намекнуть ей, как Лилиана угадала мой секрет.
13. Катя накупила массу вещей: было ясно, что она получила зарплату.
14. К тому времени, как я заглянула на кухню, мой муж уже вымыл посуду.
15. Вам понравился вчера спектакль? – Очень. Я так давно не был в театре.
Exercise 15. Переведите предложения на английский язык (компетенция № 5).
1. Он сказал, что изучает английский три года.
2. Они плыли 10 дней, когда, наконец, увидели землю.
3. Он сказал, что работает в этой лаборатории с тех пор, как закончил институт.
4. Когда часы пробили 10, она ждала меня уже полчаса.
5. Кристина сказала, что любит Эндрю с тех пор, как в первый раз увидела его.
6. Им было жарко, и они устали. Они все утро играли в футбол.
7. Он сказал, что давно наблюдает за этой командой, и она ему всегда нравилась.
8. Мы не могли выйти, так как всю ночьшелдождь.
9. Она танцевала гораздо лучше. Вероятно, брат учил ее.
10. Я почти два часа искал свой учебник, когда он позвонил и сказал, что нашел мой учебник у себя в портфеле.
11. К тому времени, как мы добрались до леса, дождь уже прекратился и ярко светило солнце.
12. Дети старались не смотреть друг на друга. Они опять поссорились.
13. Я посмотрел в окно. Ночью опять шел дождь.
14. Я очень обрадовалась, увидев эту книгу, я давно пыталась найти ее.
15. В комнате пахло табаком. Кто-то там курил.
Exercise 16. Вставьте артикли, где это необходимо (компетенция № 4).
Sunday always began with ____________ Bible story, followed by ____________ breakfast of ____________ baked beans. After ____________ breakfast ____________ children studied their Sunday school-lessons, and then they drove to ____________ church, which was ____________ good mile off. It was ____________ large, old-fashioned church, with ____________ galleries and ____________ long pews with ____________ high red-cushioned seats. After ____________ church came ____________ Sunday-school, and then they went home to ____________ dinner, which was always the same on Sunday – ____________ cold beef, ____________ baked potatoes, and ____________ rice pudding. They did not go to ____________ church in ____________ afternoon, but listened to ____________ reading of ____________ Sunday Visitors, ____________ religious paper, of which Katy was ____________ editor. On ____________ whole, Sunday was ____________ sweet and pleasant day, and ____________ kids thought so too and put themselves to ____________ bed peaceful and happy.
Exercise 17. Используйте Past Perfect Progressive Tense по образцу (компетенция № 2).
Образец A: He was short of breath, he (run all the way). – He was short of breath, as he had been running all the way.
1. His hands were dirty (work in the garden).
2. She did very well in the examinations (study hard through the term).
3. He was behind the class (not study properly).
4. Her eyes were red (cry).
5. She got used to his strange ways (live together for a long time).
6. She looked half asleep (rest).
7. She kept silent for some minutes (think over his words).
8. Everybody was laughing (Peter tell his funny stories).
9. They were very excited (argue for a long time).
10. The meteorite came closest to the Earth yesterday (approach our planet for the last two months).
11. I had blisters on my heels (wear my new shoes all day).
12. He suffered from allergy. The trees (bloom for the last month).
Образец B: They drove for 3 hours. Then they stopped. – After they had been driving for 3 hours, they stopped for lunch.
1. We walked for an hour. Then we understood that we had taken the wrong road.
2. He waited for her for an hour. Then he went away.
3. He worked at the laboratory for 4 years. Then he changed his job.
4. I thought the matter over for some time. Then I took a decision.
5. He looked through the latest papers and magazines for some time. Then he sat down to his report.
6. She watched television late into the night. Then she could not sleep.
7. He studied English for 3 years. Then he went to England.
8. He lived in St. Petersburg up to 1995. Then he moved to Moscow.
9. I played basketball for five hours. Then my muscles were sore.
10. They tried to solve this problem for the last three weeks. Then they found the solution.
11. I did not sleep well for several days. Then during the game my coordination was not very good.
Exercise 18. Составьте сложносочиненное предложение по образцу (компетенция № 2).
Образец: It was snowing hard. The temperature had been gradually falling and soon it was snowing hard.
Or: It was snowing hard so the children had taken out their sleds.
Or: The weather had suddenly changed and it was snowing hard.
1. ____________ he had gone skating ____________.
2. ____________ she had been sleeping for 2 hours ____________.
3. ____________ they were walking home ____________.
4. ____________ we got off the bus ____________.
5. ____________ people were hurrying to and fro ____________.
6. ____________ night had fallen ____________.
7. ____________ it made a great impression on me ____________.
8. ____________ snowf lakes had been falling all night long ____________.
9. ____________ we had done it ____________.
10. He had made his decision ____________.
11. ____________ she had forgotten him ____________.
12. Somebody had been following him ____________.
13. He accepted the invitation ____________.
14. He had been lying ____________.
15. He had paid for a week in advance ____________.
Проф-тексты
Exercise 19 Прочитайте, преведите и перескажите текст на английском языке (компетенция № 5).
Informatics
Informatics is an interdisciplinary science primarily concerned with the analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information. Practitioners within the field study the application and usage of knowledge in organizations, along with the interaction between people, organizations and any existing information systems, with the aim of creating, replacing, improving or understanding information systems. Information science is often (mistakenly) considered a branch of computer science. However, it is actually a broad, interdisciplinary field, incorporating not only aspects of computer science, but often diverse fields such as archival science, cognitive science, commerce, communications, law, library science, museology, management, mathematics, philosophy, public policy, and the social sciences.
Information science focuses on understanding problems from the perspective of the stakeholders involved and then applying information and other technologies as needed. In other words, it tackles systemic problems first rather than individual pieces of technology within that system. In this respect, information science can be seen as a response to technological determinism, the belief that technology “develops by its own laws, that it realizes its own potential, limited only by the material resources available, and must therefore be regarded as an autonomous system controlling and ultimately permeating all other subsystems of society.” Within information semantic web, value sensitive design, iterative design processes and to the ways people generate, use and find information. Today this field is called the Field of Information, and there are a growing number of Schools and Colleges of Information. Information science should not be confused with information theory, the study of a particular mathematical concept of information, or with library science, a field related to libraries which uses some of the principles of information science.
Информа́тика (ср. нем. Informatik, фр. Informatique, англ. computer science — компьютерная наука — в США, англ. computing science — вычислительная наука — в Великобритании) — наука о способах получения, накоплении, хранении, преобразовании, передаче и использовании информации. Она включает дисциплины, так или иначе относящиеся к обработке информации в вычислительных машинах и вычислительных сетях: как абстрактные, вроде анализа алгоритмов, так и довольно конкретные, например, разработка языков программирования.
Exercise 20. Переведите на английский язык (компетенция № 5).
Темами исследований в информатике являются вопросы: что можно, а что нельзя реализовать в программах и базах данных (теория вычислимости и искусственный интеллект), каким образом можно решать специфические вычислительные и информационные задачи с максимальной эффективностью (алгоритмы + базы данных), в каком виде следует хранить и восстанавливать информацию специфического вида (структуры и базы данных), как программы и люди должны взаимодействовать друг с другом (пользовательский интерфейс и языки программирования и представление знаний) и т.п.
Дополнительно
Поговорим о будущем.
Exercise 21. Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык (компетенция № 5).
The future of our planet
Since ancient times Nature has served man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in great harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man’s interference in nature began to increase. Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes dry up. The pollution of air and the world’s ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man’s careless interaction with nature, a sign of ecological cities. Environmental protection is of a universal concern. That is why serious measures to create a system of ecological security should be taken.
There are a lot of special organizations, which try to save our nature. The most known are: The Royal Society for the prevention of cruelty to animals (The RSPCA), the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and Greenpeace. The RSPCA tries to protect animals from bad use. It operates big nation campaigns aimed at lost pets, circus animals. The WWF rescued several species of animals, mammals as well as birds. These organizations also helped to create more than 250 National parks. Greenpeace began its work 20 years ago from saving whales. And now Greenpeace is a world-famous organization, which saves rear plants, exotic animals and sick people.
We must save wild animals. And we must find the right way to save land, people and animals. We must lake care of nature, because we are part of it.
Vocabulary
Planet - планета
Nature - природа
Source - источник
Harmony - гармония
Environment – окружающая среда
Development - развитие
Interference - вмешательство
Disappearance - исчезновение
Oxygen - кислород
Animals - животные
Interaction - взаимодействие
Protection - защита
Mammals - млекопитающие
Exercise 25. Перескажите текст на английском языке (компетенция № 6).
Exercise 26. Ответьте на вопросы (компетенция № 7).
1. Why are people only beginning to take care about nature nowadays?
2. What’s the problem with ecology today and why?
3. What nature-saving organization do you know?
4. Which is the most famous of them?
5. What is our duty to nature?
Lesson 7
ЗАДАНИЯ ПО ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ
Life of the youth
Exercise 1. Прочитайте, переведите и перескажите текст (компетенция № 5).
We are the new world!
All the peculiarities and specialties youth has categorize their life as a youth subculture. For many years youth in Russia was somehow suppressed and its ideas and thoughts were not taken into consideration. Nowadays it has more rights than before and is free to demonstrate itself as it wants but in the rules of low, of course. Youth has a lot of problems. On the one hand it is the problem of education – how to get a good one and that which will be necessary and worth in the future. Besdes many institutions nowadays are not free and one must pay for studying in them. The other problem is the problem of a good job with a good salary. It is not an easy thing to find one now. One should be a very good specialist for that. One more problem also exists as far as teenagers go because they also belong to youth. It is the problem of communication with the cocial groups. Teenagers are often influenced by so-called “bad guys” and begin to smoke, take drugs and drink. They do not listen to their parents. But this problem is solvable and parents should be a little more attentive to their children and correct their behaviour where possible. But one more thing today’s time has one positive aspect. Young people can realize themselves, there are all conditions for that in Russia now.
Youth and youth movement over decades have become important factors in the life of both countries. Numerous youth organizations have been formed since the second world war, uniting young people from all classes and sections of the population. Youth movement is not free of some problems, which result from a number of factors, depending on the grounds, on which the organization was formed. In the USA there are such youth organizations as a Young Republican Federation, Young Christian Association, some religious organizations for Jewish youth. There also exist some political organizations like Students’ Coordinative Committee of Non-Violent Action and Students For Democratic Society. Youth organization Greenpeace deals with most urgent ecological problems of today’s world. It protests against nuclear weapon tests, sea and soil pollution, etc. Some young people work in their church organizations: help elderly people or work in hospitals.
Словарь
World- мир
Behaviour - поведение
Youth - молодежь
Consideration - рассмотрение
Conditions - условия
Movement - движение
nuclear weapon tests – испытания ядерного оружия
prisoners – тюремные заключенные
Перескажите текст на английском языке.
Exercise 2. Ответьте на вопросы (компетенция № 7).
1. What social life do young Russians have today?
2. What’s happened with young people in the world since the second world war?
Exercise 3. Ответьте на вопросы о себе.
1. Do you have any of the problems mentioned in the text?
2. Do you belong to any youth organisation?
3. How do you see your social future?
Exercise 4. Обсудите вопросы экологии используя выученные слова (компетенция № 8).
Exercise 5. Прочитайте и переведите (компетенция № 5).
The biggest problem of the young
The biggest threat to the life of a young person today is unemployment. Unemployment is the condition of not having a job, being “out of work”, or unemployed. Not having a job when a person needs one, makes it difficult for him to meet financial obligations such as buying food for him and his family, and paying his bills. Being unemployed, and the financial difficulties and loss of health insurance benefits that come with it, may cause bad health, and are major sources of mental stress and depression, which may have a further negative impact on the person.
In economics, unemployment means the condition of joblessness within an economy, and is measured in terms of the unemployment rate, which is the number of unemployed workers divided by the total number of workers.
The history of unemployment is the history of industrialization. It was not considered an issue in rural areas, despite the “disguised unemployment” of rural workers having little to do, especially in conditions of overpopulation.
It’s very important for every young person to think about his future employment and career. Getting a good higher education and gaining nessesary professional skills is the best way of avoiding employment problems in the person’s future life.
Cловарь
Threat –угроза
job – работа
unemployment – безработица
economics – экономика(как наука)
health insurance- медицинская страховка
benefits - привилегии
economy – экономика страны, мира
rate - показатель
overpopulation - перенаселение
professional skills – профессиональные навыки
Exercise 6. Перескажите прочитанное на английском языке (компетенция № 6).
Exercise 7. Ответьте на вопросы (компетенция № 7).
1.What is unemployment?
2. What personal problems does an unemployed person have?
3. How is joblessness measured in economics?
4. What is the history of unemployment?
5. How can a young person avoid future unemployment?
Exercise 8. Ответьте на вопросы (компетенция № 7).
1. What’s the situation with unemployment in Russia? In your town?
2. Are your parents employed?
3. Are you afraid you’ll not find a good job in the future?
4. What do you do to make sure you will?
Exercise 9. Расскажите собственную историю, связанную с вашей занятостью (компетенция № 8).
ГРАММАТИКА
Страдательный залог (повторение)
Exercise 10. Переведите на английский язык (компетенция № 5).
1. Какой дождливый день и какая ужасная погода!
2. Пресса не всегда дает надежную информацию.
3. Мы надеемся, что информация останется секретной.
4. Сегодня замечательный день и я надеюсь на хорошую новость.
5. Хорошая новость заключается в том, что меня приняли в университет.
6. Легкие деньги быстро уходят.
7. Она тратит деньги, которые зарабатывает, на свое образование.
8. Он уверен, что в этом новом бизнесе будут большие деньги.
9. Что за жизнь! Да, жизнь всегда полна взлетов и падений.
10. Его лицо было красным от стыда.
11. Какая досада! Ничего нового в последних новостях.
12. Какие жестокие люди и в какую ужасную ситуацию мы попали из-за них.
13. В газете интересная новость. Рассказать ее тебе?
14. Это трудная работа, но она хорошо оплачивается.
15. Какой своевременный совет!
Exercise 11. Исправьте ошибки в предложения (компетенция № 4).
1. The dictionaries were laid on the top shelf.
2. No matter how badly the actor may feel backstage, once the curtain rises, all the problems must disappear.
3. I saw this book laying on the piano.
4. I was really upset, the hole was big and I wore this jacket only once before.
5. This hall seats six hundred.
6. That is our.
7. Wait for John and me.
8. Mumps are a mean disease.
9. I put eggs, sugar, flower, and butter in the bowl and beat the dough for the cake.
10. It’s later than you dare imagine.
11. I know a boy who is more than six feet tall.
12. Do you think it was they?
13. She is more studious than any student in the class.
14. Don’t raise your hand unless you don’t have a question.
15. You have proved your point. Let’s stop at that.
Exercise 12. Переведите на английский язык (компетенция № 5).
1. Его можно видеть в саду в любую погоду.
2. Яблоко разрезано на 4 части.
3. Потолки обычно красят в белый цвет.
4. За игрой следили с большим вниманием.
5. Дом был продан за большую сумму.
6. Правила уличного движения должны всегда соблюдаться.
7. Эти предметы изучаются на первом курсе.
8. Детей поведут в театр в воскресенье.
9. Их встретят на станции.
10. Вечер будет организован после окончания семестра.
11. Чем она так расстроена?
12. Он не сразу заметил, что окно было разбито.
13. На последнем уроке нам объяснили употребление пассивного залога.
14. Мне его так подробно описали, что я его сразу узнал.
15. Учитель продиктовал ребятам новое правило.
16. Какие вопросы ему задавали?
17. Их попросили прийти вовремя.
18. Его прервал шум в коридоре.
19. Это письмо адресовано не вам.
20. Проект уже утвердили?
21. Анкеты были разосланы (mail) неделю назад.
Exercise 13. Поставьте глаголы, используя необходимую по ситуации грамматическую форму (компетенция № 4).
I chose the same route as last time and (travel) as fast as I (can) in order to put as long distance between me and the camp by the next morning. This time I (determine) to travel only by night and (lie) up by day. When morning came, I (be) in exactly the same place that (take) me four days to reach during my first attempt to escape. Happy to be free, I (feel) satisfied with the performance, though I (be covered) with bruises, and owing to my heavy load, (walk) through the soles of a pair of new tennis shoes in a single night.
I chose my first day camp between two boulders in the riverbed, but I hardly (unpack) my things when a company of apes (appear). They (catch) sight of me and (begin) to throw rocks at me. Distracted by their noise I (fail) to observe a group of thirty Indians who (come) running up the riverbed. I (notice) them only when they (approach) dangerously my hiding place. I (can) hardly (believe) that they (not spot) me , for they (be) within a few yards of me as they (run) by. I (breath) again, but (take) this for a warning and (not move) till darkness (fall). I (follow) the Aglar river the whole night and (make) good progress. My next camp (provide) no excitement, and I (be) able to refresh myself with a good sleep. Towards evening I (grow) impatient and (break) camp rather early. I (walk) for only a few hundred yards when I (run) into an Indian woman at a water hole. We (scare) each other badly and (run) in different directions, and though I (know) I was going in the right direction, my diversion (represent) a painful detour that (put) me back by several hours.
Up to now I (follow) the ridge along the river, and now at last I (step) into the road again. I (not go) far when I (meet) another surprise. In the middle of the track (lie) some men snoring. They (be) Peter and his three companions. I (wake) them up and we (sit) talking about what (befall) on us on the trek. We (be) in excellent shape and we (be) convinced that we (get) through to Tibet. That night we (be) five days on the run.
Проф-тексты
Exercise 14 Прочитайте, переведите и перескажите текст на английском языке, используя данные слова (компетенция № 11).
Psychology
Psychology is an academic and applied discipline which involves the scientific study of human or animal mental functions and behaviors. In addition or opposition to employing scientific methods, psychologists often rely upon symbolic interpretation and critical analysis, albeit less frequently than other social sciences such as sociology. A professional theorist or practitioner of psychology is called a psychologist. Psychologists study such phenomena as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, motivation, personality, behavior and interpersonal relationships. Some, especially depth psychologists, also consider the unconscious mind. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the underlying physiological and neurological processes. Psychological knowledge is applied to various spheres of human activity including the family, education, employment, and the treatment of mental health problems. Psychology includes many sub-fields that span areas as diverse as human development, sports, health, industry, media and law. Psychology incorporates research from the social sciences, natural sciences, and humanities.
Vocabulary
Behavior - поведение
Perception - восприятие
Cognition - понимание
Mind - сознание
Science - наука
Exercise 15 Ответьте на вопросы (компетенция № 13).
What is psychology?
What fields does it include?
Who is a psychologist?
What do psychologists try to understand?
How is their knowledge applied?
Exercise 16. Переведите на английский язык используя выученные слова (компетенция № 12).
Существует много различных точек зрения на то, что изучает психология. Психология должна отвечать на вопрос о том, почему человек ведёт себя так или иначе. Для описания того теоретического конструкта, которым можно объяснить поведение человека, существуют разные названия, наиболее частое из которых — психика. Однако, например, бихевиористы отвергают задачу исследования любых ненаблюдаемых переменных, которые могли бы детерминировать поведение, настаивая на том, что только само поведение и детерминирующая его внешняя ситуация могут быть предметом исследования.
Дополнительно
Exercise 17. Прочитайте и разыграйте диалоги (компетенция № 5, 8).
Dialogue 1
On the Plane
A.: This aircraft looks very comfortable.
В.: Oh, it’s bound to be; “The Company” takes a good care of its passengers.
A.: I’m sure of that. What about these two seats, will they do or would you rather sit nearer the pilot’s cabin?
В.: I really don’t mind whichever you prefer.
A.: Then let’s sit down here. You must have the seat by the porthole, of course.
В.: Thank you, that’s what I like.
A.: I say, we’re already off.
В.: Yes, “No smoking” and “Fasten your belts” have been lighted up over the door to the pilot’s cabin, so we must be off, though I hardly feel anything yet.
A.: Perhaps, we are still on the runway.
B.: Yes, that must be. Look here, you haven’t done up your safety-belt yet.
A.: Oh, thank you, I’ve forgotten all about it in the excitement of our departure.
В.: You mustn’t, it’s dangerous not to fasten your safety-belt when the plane is taking off or landing.
A.: I know it is.
B.: A friend of mine lost her front teeth that way. It was a rough landing, though.
A.: Poor girl. So I owe my front teeth to you.
B.: Oh, no, we are having a very smooth take-off.
A.: Thanks all the same.
B.: Here comes a stewardess with a tray. What will you have, some juice or lemonade?
A.: Oh, good. My ears are beginning to ache a little, I think I’ll have some lemonade. And you?
А.: Orange juice, please.
Stewardess: Here you are, madam.
B.: Thank you.
Dialogue 2
John: Hello, Nick. Haven’t seen you for ages. Where have you been, old boy?
Nick: Hello, I’ve just come back from France.
John: Have you really? What were you doing there?
Nick: Oh, it was just a business trip.
John: Did you fly there?
Nick: Yes, I did. And it was very exciting.
John: Where did you get your ticket?
Nick: I went to the Air Company office and fixed up everything in a few minutes. Then I came home, packed my things and got ready for the trip.
John: Did you feel nervous?
Nick: Not a bit. Just excited.
John: Did you get into the plane straight away?
Nick: Oh, no. First I had to check in my luggage. If your luggage is overweight you have to pay extra, if it is underweight you needn’t pay anything.
John: And what did you do then?
Nick: I went to the departure lounge to wait for my flight. When it was announced I passed through customs and immigration office and walked to the plane. It was on the runway. Sometimes when the plane is at the far end of the field passengers are taken there by a special motor-coach.
John: Did the stewardess meet you at the gangway?
Nick: Sure she did. She welcomed us and showed us to our seats. In a few minutes “No smoking” and “Fasten your belts” were lighted up and the pilot began to taxi out into the middle of the airfield.
John: How did you feel in the air? Not airsick?
Nick: No, the flight was very smooth. We didn’t hit a single air-pocket.
John: Could you see anything through the porthole?
Nick: Only clouds.
John: How long were you up?
Nick: About three hours.
John: Was it very expensive?
Nick: Rather. But it saved me a lot a time.
Exercise 18. Ответьте на вопросы (компетенция № 7).
1. Have you ever travelled by air? Where did you fly? When was it? Did you feel nervous before the flight? Was the flight smooth or rough? Were you airsick?
2. Where do we get tickets for air trips?
3. How many airports are there in Petersburg? Are they far away from the centre of the city? How can you get there? Is there a special bus service for passengers?
4. Do passengers go straight to the plane? What do they have to do first? In what case do they have to pay extra for their luggage? Are they allowed to take any luggage on board a plane?
5. Who meets passengers at the gangway? Does she show passengers to their seats?
6. When are passengers taken to the plane by a special motor coach?
7. Are flights sometimes put back? When does it happen? Was your flight ever put back? By how long?
8. Why is it necessary to do up a safety-belt during taking off and landing?
9. Is smoking allowed on board a plane? Why is it not allowed?
10. What information is usually given to the passengers on board a plane?
11. What services does a stewardess offer them?
12. At what speed and altitude do modern aircrafts fly?
13. On what flights do they serve meals?
14. Is travelling by air more expensive than railway travel?
15. What are the advantages and disadvantages of air travelling?
Заботиться о пассажирах; взлететь; быть на взлетной полосе; застегнуть ремень; болят уши; взвесить и зарегистрировать багаж; весить больше (меньше) положенного; проводить на место; выруливать на середину взлетного поля; спокойный полет; попасть в воздушную яму; сэкономить время.
Exercise 19. Спросите ваших однокурсников: ... if he (she) has ever travelled by plane (компетенция № 7).
____________ how he (she) liked it.
____________ how (he) she felt when flying for the first time.
____________ if he (she) gets tickets for a plane beforehand.
____________ if he (she) travels at half-fare or at full fare.
____________ how long it takes one to get from Petersburg to the South.
____________ if her (his) flight was ever put back.
____________ why it was put back.
____________ by how long it was put back.
____________ when flights are put back.
____________ if she (he) likes sitting at the porthole.
____________ what one can see through it if visibility is good.
____________ who looks after passengers on board a plane.
____________ what information passengers get about the flight.
____________ if she ever wanted to become a stewardess.
____________ what kind of person a stewardess must be in her (his) opinion.
____________ if flying is more dangerous than railway travel.
____________ if it is more expensive than railway travel.
Exercise 20. Спросите следующее (компетенция № 7).
at what speed the plane is flying; what the temperature outside is; when the plane is due to arrive in Petersburg; why the plane is late; why the airport does not take planes; if you may take your camera with you; where you can get a snack (at the airport); if you can take the seat at the window; if your fellow-passenger is travelling for the first time; how long you will be up; if smoking is allowed on board a plane; if the stewardess can get you some medicine for your airsickness; why you must fasten your safety belt.
Exercise 21. Что вы сделаете если вы в следующей ситуации (компетенция № 7).
you want to fly to the Black Sea coast in summer; your flight is put back by half an hour; you want to have something to read on board a plane; you are afraid of getting airsick; “No Smoking” and “Fasten your Belts” are lighted up; your flight is called (announced); your luggage is overweight; you want to take your brief-case with you; you missed your plane; you came to see your friend off but her (his) flight is put back; you want to send a telegram from the airport; you want to know when the plane from Sochi arrives; you want to know why the plane from London is late.
Exercise 22. Обсудите одну из следующих тем (компетенция № 8).
1. Your first travelling by air.
2. Describe a big airport.
3. Describe the flight to N. as if you were a stewardess (the flight was very rough, the plane had to make a forced landing, the passengers were panic stricken, you had to comfort and encourage them).
4. Render an episode from any book you’ve read which concerns air trips, aircrashes etc.
Exercise 23. Переведите на английский язык (компетенция № 5).
1. Моя подруга собиралась лететь в Крым. Поскольку это было ее первое воздушное путешествие, она очень волновалась. Я спросила ее, почему она не хочет ехать поездом, если лететь страшно. Она сказала, что ей не хочется тратить много времени на дорогу, ей хотелось бы подольше побыть в Крыму.
2. В день отъезда мы поехали в аэропорт. Катя зарегистрировала билет и багаж, и мы пошли в буфет выпить чашку кофе. Погода была не очень обнадеживающая (promising). Шел небольшой дождь. По радио объявили, что рейс 237 на Симферополь задерживается на полчаса. Катя начала нервничать. Я сказала, что иногда такие вещи случаются. Через полчаса пассажиров на рейс 237 пригласили пройти к самолету. Мы попрощались, и Катя побежала.
3. У трапа пассажиров встречала стюардесса. Через несколько минут самолет вырулил на взлетную полосу. Над кабиной пилота зажглись надписи «Не курить!», «Пристегнуть ремни!»
4. Пассажиры сидели в своих креслах, просматривали газеты, разговаривали. Многие смотрели в иллюминаторы. Небо было безоблачным, и видимость отличная. Стюардесса сообщила, на какой высоте и с какой скоростью летит самолет. Когда самолет пошел на посадку, снова вспыхнули надписи: «Не курить!», «Пристегнуть ремни!» Через несколько минут самолет уже бежал по взлетной дорожке.
Речевые конструкции для запоминания
aircraft, airplane - самолет
seat - место
pilot's cabin - кабина пилота
to be off - отправиться, взлетать
to take off - взлетать
to land - приземлиться
landing - посадка
forced landing - вынужденная посадка
fasten your belts - пристегните ремни
to be on the runway - быть на взлетной полосе
smooth flight - спокойный полет
to fix up - устроить, урегулировать
to have one’s luggage checked in - зарегистрировать багаж
flight - полет
motor coach - автобус, везущий пассажиров к самолету
to taxi out - выруливать
to be up - быть в воздухе
to save time - экономить время
to put back (by two hours) - откладывать (на 2 часа)
at what speed - с какой скоростью
at what altitude - на какой высоте
to travel at half fare - путешествовать по сниженному наполовину тарифу
advantage / disadvantage - преимущество/недостаток
visibility is good (poor, bad) - видимость хорошая (неважная, плохая)
to take planes - принимать самолеты
to cancel - отменять
on board a plane - на борту самолета
to pay a reduced fare - платить по сокращенному тарифу
to light up - зажигать (ся)
rough landing - жесткая посадка
stewardess - стюардесса
to be overweight - весить больше положеного
to be underweight - весить меньше положенного
to announce (to call) a flight - объявить рейс
to pass through customs - пройти таможню
to get (to be) airsick - страдать воздушной болезнью
to hit an air-pocket - попасть в воздушную яму
ГЛОССАРИЙ
№ п/п |
Новое понятие |
Содержание |
|
|
advertising |
реклама |
|
|
blood pressure |
давление |
|
|
cards |
карты |
|
|
chess |
шахматы |
|
|
conversations |
беседы |
|
|
cough |
кашель |
|
|
discover |
открывать |
|
|
divorce |
развод |
|
|
education |
образование |
|
|
exercises |
упражнения |
|
|
fooling around |
валяя дурака |
|
|
get up |
встаю |
|
|
headache |
головная боль |
|
|
hearing |
слух |
|
|
heart |
сердце |
|
|
kidneys |
почки |
|
|
kitchen - кухня |
кухня |
|
|
knowledge |
знание |
|
|
language |
язык |
|
|
late |
поздно |
|
|
life |
жизнь |
|
|
lifestyle |
жизненный уклад |
|
|
liver |
печень |
|
|
lungs |
легкие |
|
|
magazines |
журналы |
|
|
marriages |
браки |
|
|
mid-afternoon |
средина дня |
|
|
modern |
современный |
|
|
nowadays |
в наши дни |
|
|
perfect |
идеальный |
|
|
population |
население |
|
|
reasons |
причины. |
|
|
rest |
отдыхаю |
|
|
return |
возвращаюсь |
|
|
scarlet fever |
скарлатина |
|
|
slips |
бланки, направления |
|
|
stomach |
живот |
|
|
succession |
сочетание |
|
|
waste |
терять |
|
|
watch |
смотрю |
Рабочий учебник в соответствии с балансовым методом проектирования образовательных программ содержит:
40 – приведенных понятий;
9 – компетенций.