2 Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:

1) a form of saving; 6) indirect taxation;

2) personal expenditure; 7) a heavy purchase tax;

3) entertainment tax; 8) domestic service;

4) the tax on income; 9) money spent on travel, entertainments;

5) to spend one’s incomes; 10) National Insurance contributions.

3 Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1) товары и услуги; 6) средняя цифра;

2) сбережения людей; 7) ежедневная газета;

3) прямое налогообложение; 8) налог на продажу;

4) сумма, потраченная на книги; 9) товары домашнего обихода;

5) государственное страхование; 10) налог на алкоголь и табачные изделия.

4 Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, и переведите их на русский язык: necessary, to entertain, tax, to expend, to contribute, to employ, middle, house, to know to wash.

5 Задайте к, выделенному в тексте, предложению все типы вопросов: общий, альтернативный, разделительный, два специальных: а) к подлежащему, б) к любому члену предложения.

Workers in large cities spend a good deal of money on bus, tram and train fares.

6 Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: формы и функции инфинитива, инфинитивные конструкции (сложное дополнение, подлежащее), существительное в роли определения, функции слов one (ones), that (those), условные предложения:

1) If people in Britain drank and smoked less, the Government would at once have to raise the other taxes. Income tax would certainly be raised.

2) The money contributed for National Insurance is also a form of saving, for those who pay these contributions receive the money back if they become ill or unemployed, or if they are injured in an accident while they are working.

3) There is also the entertainment tax, for when the Londoner pays to go to a theatre, a cinema, a concert, or an opera, he pays tax as well as the price of his seat.

4) If people in Britain drank and smoked less, the Government would at once have to raise the other taxes. Income tax would certainly be raised.

5) The small sum spent on books does not mean that people do very little reading.

6) Many people prefer to listen to the radio, or look at films or television.

7 Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1) When did the British Government publish a book full of figures, tables and diagrams?

2) What do they show?

3) How many pounds did people in Britain spend in 1952?

4) What is the money contributed for National Insurance?

5) What is a purchase tax?

6) Can all middle-class people in Britain afford a servant?

7) What is an entertainment tax?

8 Составьте аннотацию к тексту (2 - 3 предложения).

9 Составьте реферат текста (10 - 15 предложений).

10 Составьте план текста и перескажите текст.

Вариант № 10

1. Прочитайте и переведите тексты

IN THE OFFICE

The word commerce suggests buying and selling, the exchange of goods between countries. The word industry suggests the production of goods by mining and manufacture. When we see or hear the word business, however, we think first of all not of shops, factories or mines but of offices. Modern business is done chiefly in offices, and office work usually means various forms of communication.

A business man needs to communicate with other business men. He can do this by using the telephone. He can also do it by writing, but the modern business man does not write his letters by hand. He dictates them to a shorthand typist, usually a woman. She types the letters on her machine and later takes them to be signed. When all the letters have been signed, they are put in envelopes and are ready for the post. Small offices employ a boy to stick stamps on envelopes, but large offices today have a machine which, as enve­lopes are passed through it, automatically prints a stamp on them in ink. There is a meter in the machine. This is set and locked by a Post Office official according to the amount of money that is paid in advance. When this amount is reached the machine no longer works and must be reset.

It is not necessary to type an address on an envelope. There are envelopes with a 'window' of transparent paper, and the letter can be folded so that the name and address typed on the letter can be seen through this 'window'.

The telephone is an important part of the communications system. The head of a large department usually has two tele­phones on his desk. One is con­nected, through a switchboard, to the public Post Office system. The other is connected to a private internal system. This makes it possible for members of the staff in different parts of the same building to talk to one another without leaving their rooms.

Telephone bells are noisy, so in most offices telephones usually have a quiet buzzer instead of a bell. The loud ringing of bells does not help a man to think about his work.

Departments can also communicate with one another by using another useful kind of apparatus. The head of the department has a kind of box on his desk, and when he wishes to speak to another department, he has only to lift a small key. There is a buzz in the department he has called. The head can then talk to his staff, in several departments at the same time if he wishes, and hear their replies. The apparatus has a loud-speaker like that in a radio receiver. Instead of calling his staff to his office for a short discussion, the head of the department can talk to them and hear their replies as they sit at their own desks. Perhaps one day the apparatus will also have a television screen so that the persons will see each other while they talk. Some office workers would not like to know that they could be watched by the head of the department.

A business man need not call in shorthand typist when he wants to dictate letters. He can use a dictating machine. This makes a record of his voice, either on a flat record like those we play on gramophones, or on a small roll of plastic material. The typist plays back the record or roll, listens to the letters that were dictated (perhaps several hours earlier), and types them. She then takes them in for the signatures. Some kinds of plastic roll small and light enough to be put in envelopes and sent by post.

If a business firm wishes to send out a circular letter to thousands of people, the letter can, of course, be printed in the ordinary way by a firm of printers. If, however, only a few hundred copies are needed, these can be produced more quickly and at a lower cost in the office. A sheet of paper coated with wax is put into the typewriter. Then, without using the ribbon, the typist strikes the keys in the usual way and the words are cut on the waxed sheet. The sheet is then put on a machine which will make as many copies as are required.

Jane's New Job

Jane works in the modem office of a large international company. On her desk she has the usual office equipment, such as a telephone, a typewriter, and filing trays for letters and papers. She uses an electronic typewriter, instead of the manual typewriter she used to have, and the company has just bought a computer with a word processor and a printer. With this computer the typest (operator) can type a letter, and then see what she has typed on an electronic screen (display), and correct any mistakes before the printer types the letter. The computer can print many separate copies of a letter and put a different name and address on each one.

If she has to do some calculations, Jane uses an electronic calculator, and there is a photocopier in the office for making copies of letters and other papers.

Jane normally sends letters by post, but if she wants to send a written message quickly she uses the telex. This is a machine like a typewriter: a message is typed, and then another telex machine somewhere else receives the message and types it out again some time later.

A fax machine is more popular now. It makes copies and sends it to any other fax machine you like. Messages can be writ­ten by hand or typed, and include drawings. A fax machine is connected or combined with a telephone, that's why it is also called telefax. The quickest way of sending photo messages is by E-mail (electronic mail).

IN THE OFFICE

Miss Evans: Good morning. Is this Mr Bailey's office? Secretary: Mr John Bailey?

E.: Yes. I was wondering whether Mr Bailey could see me. My name is Jane Evans.

S.: Oh yes, Miss Evans. Mr Bailey has a letter from your ma­nager. He said you'd like to have an appointment.

E.: I decided to come in instead. I was hoping that perhaps Mr Bailey would be able to see me this morning.

S.: Oh, I'm very sorry, but I'm afraid Mr Bailey has several en­gagements today. He's at a meeting this morning and he has several other appointments this afternoon.

E. Then would you kindly make an appointment for me?

S. Yes, certainly. I'll just look at his diary. Now, would Friday at three-fifteen suit you?

E. No. I'm afraid I shan't be in town on Friday,

S. Oh, then would you be able to come on Monday at seven o'clock?

E. Yes, that would be quite all right.

S. Good.

E. Thank you very much. Good bye.

S. Good bye, Miss Evans.

A Manager Gets the Secretary He Deserves

It costs a lot every time a manager loses his secretary. There are tangible costs, like advertising for a new one, training her, etc. And there are intangible costs, such as the effect of the res­ignation on staff morale, disturbed work and communications, and other things that lower efficiency. This is an advice for ma­nagers who want to avoid all this.

First of all, be specific about what you intend to delegate to her — non-technical correspondence, supervising the office and so on. She may have heard such phrases before as satisfying and rewarding job, duties depend largely on you, and so on. In any case, roughly translated all that means just another boring shorthand, typing and filing job. Secondly, give her not just the responsibility but the authority as well as to get on with the job. That includes telling your colleagues plainly that she has that authority. Job specifications in writing are essential. Once they are there for her and you to see, there can be no arguments about overstepping her authority or failing to achieve her objectives.

Regular job appraisal is an obvious follow-up. A golden rule here is: do not appraise in secret. She has a right to know the results of the appraisal. Besides the appraisal, do not check up on her. If you have set her a task then tell her when you want it done — do not ask her daily if she has done it yet or if she has forgotten.

A manager's secretary is a member of his executive staff and should be treated like one. Take her around personally when she is new and introduce her to your colleagues and the staff. Do not just leave her to make a fool of herself because she does not know who anyone is.

Whether you call her a 'private', 'executive' or 'personal' secretary, she must be treated like a 'confidential' secretary. Show that you have confidence in her; do not cover up those 'top secret' papers every time she walks into the room. Let her know you value her opinion.

You will know within a few weeks of hiring her whether she can be fully trusted. If she cannot be, fire her.

2 Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:

1) satisfying and rewarding job; 6) a dictating machine;

2) non-technical correspondence; 7) to achieve one’s objectives;

3) forms of communication; 8) executive staff;

4) communications system; 9) a manager's secretary;

5) the head of a department; 10) to do some calculations.

3 Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1) отправить электронное сообщение; 6) офисное оборудование;

2) международная компания; 7) ценить мнение коллег;

3) советы менеджеру; 8) ответственность за работу

4) электронная печатная машинка; 9) производство товаров;

5) полностью доверять; 10) современный бизнес.

4 Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, и переведите их на русский язык:

To product, to communicate, sign, to type, nation, to equip, normal, to correspond, short, responsible.

5 Задайте к, выделенному в тексте, предложению все типы вопросов: общий, альтернативный, разделительный, два специальных: а) к подлежащему, б) к любому члену предложения.

A manager's secretary is a member of his executive staff and should be treated like one.

6 Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: формы и функции инфинитива, инфинитивные конструкции (сложное дополнение, подлежащее), существительное в роли определения, функции слов one (ones), that (those), условные предложения:

1) A business man needs to communicate with other business men.

2) It is not necessary to type an address on an envelope.

3) There are envelopes with a 'window' of transparent paper, and the letter can be folded so that the name and address typed on the letter can be seen through this 'window'.

4) One is con­nected, through a switchboard, to the public Post Office system. The other is connected to a private internal system.

5) This makes it possible for members of the staff in different parts of the same building to talk to one another without leaving their rooms.

6) If a business firm wishes to send out a circular letter to thousands of people, the letter can, of course, be printed in the ordinary way by a firm of printers. If, however, only a few hundred copies are needed, these can be produced more quickly and at a lower cost in the office.

7) That includes telling your colleagues plainly that she has that authority.

8) If you have set her a task then tell her when you want it done — do not ask her daily if she has done it yet or if she has forgotten.

7 Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1) Where does Jane work?

2) What does she use for typing letters and papers?

3) What is telefax?

4) What are the tangible and intangible costs when a manager loses his secretary?

5) What is a golden rule of regular job appraisals?

6) In what way must a secretary be treated?

7) What does the phrase a "confidental secretary" mean?

8 Составьте аннотацию к тексту (2 - 3 предложения).

9 Составьте реферат текста (10 - 15 предложений).

10 Составьте план текста и перескажите текст.