284 English Grammar Workbook For Dummies
Answers to Exercise Two
In the following figure the errors from the original letter are boldfaced and crossed out, with a possible correction following each one, as well as an occasional addition of a missing word or mark. All corrections are boldfaced and underlined. Check the corresponding numbered explanations that follow the revised letter.
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Higgen Publishing Company
459 elm Elm Avenue
Bronxton, VT 05599
October 31, 2006
Mr. Chester Slonton
33 Warwickville Road
Alaistair, CA 90990
Dear Mr. Slonton:
Thank you for sending us your novel, “The Lily Droops at Dawn.” The Lily Droops at Dawn.
To read over more than 1,000 pages about a love affair between plants is a very unique experience. In your talented hands, both of the plants becomes become characters that are well-rounded and of great interest interesting to the reader. Before Mr. Higgen, whom who you know is our founder, commits to publishing this masterpiece, I must ask for some
real really minor changes.
Most of the editors, including Mr. Higgen, was were confused about the names. You are absolutely right in stating that each of the lovers are is in the lily family,; scientifically they have similar characteristics. Calling the lovers Lila and Lyle would not of have been a problem if the characters were distinguished from one another in personality or habits or appearance. Unfortunately, your main characters resembles resemble each other in petal color and height. True, one of the lilies is said to be smartest smarter, but the reader doesn’t know which.
A second problem are is the love scenes. You mention in your cover letter that you can make them more lengthier. Mr. Higgen feels, and I agree, that you write vivid vividly; nevertheless, we think you could cut them alot a lot without losing the reader’s attention. After all, once a person has read one flower proposal, he or she has essentially read them all.
Finally, the ending needs work. When the lily droops, the book ended ends. Are you comfortable with a tiny change. ? Market research shows that books with happy endings appeal to the readers, whoever he or she they may be. These volumes sell good well. Instead of drooping, perhaps the lily could spread it’s petals and welcome the dawn. Or dawn or become a rose.
Higgen Publishing would like this novel for their its fall list. I hope that you are open to the changes I had outlined in this letter. I cannot help but mention mentioning that Higgen Publishing is probably the only publisher with experience in plant romance volumes. I look forward to having talked talking with you about the editing process.
Sincerely,
Cynthia Higgen
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Appendix: Grabbing Grammar Goofs 285
F Proper names are capitalized.
GThe title of a full-length work (in this case, a novel) is italicized or underlined, not enclosed in quotation marks.
H Over precedes a singular word, and more than precedes a plural.
I Unique is an absolute, so no degrees of uniqueness (very unique, a little unique, and so on) exist.
J Both is plural and should be matched with the plural verb become.
KThe original sentence isn’t parallel because it pairs the simple description well rounded with the phrase of great interest. The correction changes the phrase to a simple description, interesting.
L The pronoun who is needed to act as a subject for the verb is.
MReal is an adjective and appropriate for descriptions of people, places, things, or ideas. The adverb really intensifies the description minor.
N Most of the editors is a plural subject and requires a plural verb, were.
O Each of the lovers is a singular subject and requires a singular verb, is.
P A comma may not join two complete sentences. Use a semicolon instead.
QWould of doesn’t exist in standard English. The proper expression is would have, here changed to the negative would not have.
R The plural subject characters needs the plural verb resemble.
SSmartest is for the extreme in groups of three or more. Because only two lilies are compared, smarter is correct.
T The contraction doesn’t contains an apostrophe.
U The singular subject problem takes the singular verb is.
V Double comparisons aren’t correct. Use lengthier or more lengthy.
W The verb write may be described by the adverb vividly but not by the adjective vivid.
X The expression a lot is always written as two words.
YThe present-tense verb ends works best with the rest of the sentence, which contains the present-tense verb droops.
z |
This sentence, a question, calls for a question mark instead of a period. |
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The plural pronoun they refers to readers. |
1 |
Good is an adjective, but the sentence calls for the adverb well to describe the verb sell. |
2 |
A possessive pronoun, such as its, never includes an apostrophe. |
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The expression or become a rose is a fragment and may not stand as a separate sentence. |
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A company is singular, so the matching pronoun is its. |
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The helping verb had is used only to place one action in the past before another past action. |
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Cannot help but mention is a double negative. |
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Every sentence needs an endmark. This statement calls for a period. |
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Having talked implies a deadline, and the sentence doesn’t support such a meaning. |
286 English Grammar Workbook For Dummies
Answers to Exercise Three
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In the following figure the errors from the original article are boldfaced and crossed out, with a possible correction following each one, as well as an occasional addition of a missing word or mark. All corrections are boldfaced and underlined. Check the corresponding numbered explanations that follow the revised article.
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Hold the Tights: |
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A Former Television Star Plays Shakespeare |
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Silver, the actor that played a talking horse on the Emmy-winning series Mr. Said, is now |
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starring in the Royal Theater production of “Hamlet.” Hamlet. The handsome blond recently |
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agreed to discuss his approach to acting. It were was never about talking, in Silvers’ Silver’s |
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65 |
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view. As he had munched oats and sipped delicately from a water pail, the colt explained that |
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he learned to talk at the age of one. Him His talking was not fulfilling enough,; only acting met |
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68 |
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his need for recognition. |
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“I started by reciting monologues for whomever whoever would listen,” he said. |
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“ |
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I got a call from a Hollywood agent offering me the part of Mr. Said.” Tossing his mane in the air, |
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Silver continued, “I plays played that role for nine seasons. You get typecast. Nobody |
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want wants to take a chance on your dramatic ability if they he or she can find someone else |
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for the role.” He added, “Sitting by the phone one day, it rang I heard the phone ring, and my |
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74 |
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agent told me that I had |
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an audition.” That audition resulted in him his getting the part. Silver |
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76 |
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is the only horse that have has ever played Hamlet, as far as he knows. |
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The actor has all ready already began begun rehearsals. His costume includes a |
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79 |
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traditionally traditional velvet coat but no tights. “Between you and |
I |
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me,” he whispered, “the |
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81 |
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tights snag on my fur.” Director Ed Walketers asked Silver to consider shaving, and he Silver |
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82 |
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also tried several types of material for the tights. Even Silver’s wife got involved in this key |
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costuming decision. “No one tried harder than her she to find tights I could wear,” Silver said. |
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83 |
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Nothing was suitable for this extremely unique situation. |
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Silver is equally as involved with the role itself. “I relate to Hamlet’s problems,” he explained. |
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“Us |
We horses often find it hard to take action and being to be decisive.” The role is also |
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87 |
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exhausting; Silver lays lies down for a quickly quick nap everyday every day before going |
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90 |
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onstage as Hamlet. |
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Appendix: Grabbing Grammar Goofs 287
9 The first word of a title and a subtitle should always be capitalized.
0Silver identifies the horse being discussed. The original sentence has a comma at the beginning of the long, descriptive expression (the actor who played a talking horse on the Emmy-winning series Mr. Said) but none at the end. The second comma is necessary because the information supplied is extra, not essential to the meaning of the sentence. It should be set off from the rest of the sentence by a pair of commas.
! The title of a full-length work (in this sentence, a play) should be in italics or underlined. |
@ The singular it pairs with the singular verb was. |
# A singular possessive is formed by the addition of an apostrophe and the letter s. |
$The helping verb had places one past action before another past action, but in this sentence the actions take place at the same time. Drop the had.
%The possessive pronoun his should precede an -ing form of a verb that is being used as a noun (in this sentence, talking).
^ Two complete sentences shouldn’t be joined by a comma. Use a semicolon instead.
&The subject pronoun whoever is needed as the subject of the verb would listen. The preposition for may have confused you because normally an object follows a preposition. However, in this sentence the entire expression (whoever would listen) is the object of the preposition, not just the pronoun.
* A quotation mark belongs at the beginning and the end of the quotation.
( The past tense verb matches the meaning of the sentence.
) The pronoun nobody is singular and requires a singular verb, wants.
- Only singular pronouns (in this sentence, he or she) can refer to the singular pronoun nobody.
_In the original sentence, it (the phone) is sitting by the phone — illogical! Reword in some way so that the speaker is sitting by the phone. Another possible correction: Add a subject/verb combo to the beginning of the sentence so that it reads When I was sitting by the phone.
= The article an precedes vowel sounds, such as the au in audition.
+The possessive pronoun his should precede the -ing form of a verb that is being used as a noun (in this sentence, getting).
[Because only one horse is the meaning of the pronoun that, the verb paired with that is singular. Has is singular, and have is plural.
{ The single word already means “before this time,” the meaning required by the sentence.
] Begun is the combination form of to begin and here is paired with has.
} The adjective traditional describes the noun coat.
\ Between is a preposition and thus takes an object. The pronoun me is an object.
288 English Grammar Workbook For Dummies
| Two males appear in the sentence (Silver and Ed), so the pronoun he is unclear. Substitute a noun.
;The missing word in the original is did, as in than she did. Her is inappropriate as the subject of the implied verb did.
: Unique is an absolute and can’t be compared, so the extremely must be deleted. |
, The comparison equally should not be followed by as. |
< We is the subject pronoun needed here. Us is for objects. |
.To keep the sentence parallel, to be should be paired with to take action. Another alternative is to change to take action to acting.
To lay is “to place something else somewhere.” To lie is “to rest or to recline,” the meaning here.
The noun nap must be described by an adjective (quick), not an adverb (quickly).
?The single word everyday means “ordinary.” In this sentence you need the two-word form, which means “each day.”
Appendix: Grabbing Grammar Goofs 289
Answers to Exercise Four
91
95
96
98
99
100
102
105
106
108
109
112
113
115
117
120
In the following figure the errors from the original manual are boldfaced and crossed out, with a possible correction following each one, as well as an occasional addition of a missing word or mark. All corrections are boldfaced and underlined. Check the corresponding numbered explanations that follow the revised manual.
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Installing You’re Your New Widget Wheel |
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To install the widget wheel, |
a computer should first be turned off |
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first turn the computer |
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92 |
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off, and then follow these simple steps. |
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93 |
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Important: If you have an A4019 or a newest newer model, please discard this manual. You |
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94 |
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must have sent send for manual number 218B, or, in the case of a computer that previously |
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has had a widget, for manual number 330B. Being that Because your computer is not covered |
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97 |
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in this manual, discard |
it |
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the manual. Faulty directions have been responsible for explosions |
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and that software crashed software crashes. |
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1. Unpack the widget wheel, which looks like a shark’s tooth. |
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101 |
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2. Unpack the two disk poles. Grasp the disk pole that is more nearly circular. Lining Line up |
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103 |
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the teeth with the teeth on the widget. Note: Teeth should be brushed everyday every day |
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104 |
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with a WidgetBrush. |
sSee enclosed order form for more information. |
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3. After the teeth are tight tightly clenched, a person should |
insert the widget disk into slot C. |
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107 |
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However, if the widget disk has a blue strip, |
in which case it should be inserted into slot D |
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insert the widget into slot D. Don’t mix up the slots as the computer will catch fire. Neither |
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of these slots are is open when the computer is standing upright. Sit Set the computer on its |
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110 |
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side before beginning this step. |
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4. Turn on the computer. If the screen is blank, call the service specialist at 914-555-5039. If the |
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111 |
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screen blinks rapid rapidly from red to green (or from blue to yellow in model 2W4T), run |
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further farther from the screen. This Blinking means the widget was installed |
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114 |
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improper improperly; the computer is all together altogether unusable. |
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116 |
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5. You are almost ready to enjoy your new widget!! Place a hand that is not wearing any |
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rings, including wedding rings, on the mouse that is not wearing any rings, including |
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118 |
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wedding rings. Depending upon the model number, either press either firmly or softly. |
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119 |
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Some widgets can work good well no matter what the pressure. |
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290 English Grammar Workbook For Dummies
` The contraction you’re means “you are.” In this sentence you want the possessive pronoun your.
~An introductory verb form (to install the Widget Wheel) must refer to the subject, but the subject in the original sentence is a computer. Reword the sentence so that the subject is the person who is installing — the understood you.
úThe adverb then is not capable of uniting two complete sentences on its own. Delete the comma and insert and.
áThe -est comparison singles out one extreme from a group of three or more. In this sentence you’re talking about a comparison between two things only — model A4019 and the group of everything newer. (The group counts as one thing because the items in the group aren’t discussed as individuals.)
âThe verb send is in present tense and addresses what the installer must do now, not what the installer must have done previously. The present perfect tense (have sent) implies a connection with the past.
ƒThe word previously tips you off to the fact that you’re talking about past tense, so had works better than has.
© The expression being that is not standard; use because instead.
˙The pronoun it must have a clear meaning, but the original sentence provides two possible alternatives, computer and manual. The correction clarifies the meaning of it.
èTwo terms linked by and need a similar grammatical identity in order to keep the sentence parallel. The original sentence joins a noun (explosions) with a clause (that software crashed). The correction links two nouns, explosions and crashes.
A description beginning with which is usually set off by a comma from the word it describes.
The tooth belongs to the shark, so you need the possessive shark’s.
µCircular is an absolute. It may be approached but not compared. The disk pole may be circular or more nearly circular.
ØThe original sentence is a fragment; it has no complete thought. The correction has a subject (the understood you) and a verb (line) and a complete thought.
é Everyday means “ordinary.” Every day means “daily.”
œ A sentence always begins with a capital letter.
® Tightly is an adverb, needed to describe the verb clenched.
ßA person is a new expression in this piece, which has been addressing you either directly or by implication. For consistency, change a person to you understood.
êThe original is a fragment, not a complete sentence. The reworded version has a complete thought.
ì The pronoun neither is singular and takes the singular verb is.
òSit is what the subject does by bending knees and plopping onto a chair. Set means that you’re placing something else into some position.
Appendix: Grabbing Grammar Goofs 291
¥An introductory expression with a verb is usually set off by a comma from the main idea of the sentence. Insert a comma after blank.
ó The adverb rapidly is needed to describe the action blink.
¡ Farther is for distance, and further is for time or intensity. Here you need the distance word.
™ The pronoun this is too vague. Go for the specific term, blinking.
£ The adverb improperly is needed to describe the action installed.
¢All together means “as one.” Altogether means “completely,” the definition that fits this sentence.
È Don’t double up on endmarks. One per sentence does the job.
§The description is in the wrong place in the original sentence. Place it after hands, the word being described.
¶The duo either/or should link words or expressions with the same grammatical identity. In the original sentence, a verb-description combo is linked to a description. Move either so that two descriptions are linked.
· The adverb well is needed to describe the verb can work.
292 English Grammar Workbook For Dummies
