- •1. The axiom about the potential dangers of man-made factors
- •2. Classification of hazardous substances.
- •3. Maximum permissible concentrations, emissions, exposure levels
- •4. Physical hazards and their characteristics
- •5. The permissible levels of harmful substances
- •6. Environmental Passport of an industrial enterprise.
- •7. Environmental Assessment. Basic principles of the environmental impact assessment.
- •8. The Law of the rk "On Ecological Assessment". Two types of environmental impact assessment
- •11. Effect of contaminants on human health (acute and chronic intoxication). Prevention of occupational poisoning.
- •12. Characteristics of hazardous substances used in production (ammonia, chlorine etc.). Actions in case of accidents.
- •10. Lesions. Classification based on the degree of human exposure to hts.
- •13. The concept of bacteriological (biological) weapons (bw).
- •14. Types and basic properties of bw (bacteria, viruses, rickets, fungi).
- •15. Diseases caused by biological agents and toxins (anthrax, meliodiosis, glanders, botulism).
- •16. Preventive measures at the sign of use of bacteriological agents.
- •17. Rules of conduct and actions of people at the foci of bacteriological destruction
- •18. The measures of prevention: Quarantine and observation. Disinfection and disinsection
- •19. Methods and means of application of bacterial agents.
- •20. Bw facilities developed on the territory of the Kazakhstan for the open-air testing and production of bw agents.
- •21. The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (10 April 1972).
- •22. Protocol Obligations:The Geneva Protocol prohibits the use in war of asphyxiating, poisonous, or other gases, and of bacteriological methods of warfare. (17 June 1925 France)
- •23. General characteristics of nuclear and radiological weapons
- •24. Main factors of nuclear explosion. Characteristics, effects, and impact on human health.
- •25. Medico-tactical characteristics of foci of nuclear damage
- •26. Acute radiation sickness. Radiation sickness of 1-4 degrees. Chronic radiation sickness.
- •27. Radioactive contamination
- •28. Kazakstan’s nuclear background
- •29. Kazakhstan’s International legislation on Nuclear Weapons.
- •30. The Law of the rk “On National Security”.
- •31. The principles of national security. The national interests of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
- •32. The goals and objectives of national security. Threats to Kazakhstan’s national security.
- •33. The concept of national security of Kazakhstan.
- •34. Non military tools of national security.
- •35. The challenges and threats posed by globalization. Globalization in the economic, political, social, cultural spheres.
- •36. Global Problems of Mankind. The problem of technological security.
- •37. The ways out of the global crisis - the transition to sustainable development.
- •38. Problems of post-industrial society. Technological problems.
- •39. Globalization in Kazakhstan (negative factors and benefits)
- •40.The law the Republic of Kazakhstan “On combating terrorism”
- •41. Basic principles in the fight against terrorism in the Republic of Kazakhstan are:
- •43. The purpose of the legal regulation of combat against terrorism in Kazakhstan is:
4. Physical hazards and their characteristics
A factor within the environment that can harm the body without necessarily touching it. Vibration and noise are examples of physical hazards.
Vibration is complex oscillatory process, which occurs during the periodic removal of the center of gravity of body from equilibrium position, as well as periodic changes in body shape compared with that under static condition.
Noise is a loud sounds, merged into a discordant sound
Physical hazards-moving machinery, elevated levels of pollution and the dust in the work area.
5. The permissible levels of harmful substances
Harmful substances are those which in contract with the body, cause the workplace injuries, occupational diseases or deviations in health status.
6. Environmental Passport of an industrial enterprise.
Environmental passport of an enterprise is a standard-technical document that includes data on the use of resources by company, expressed through a system of indicators and on detection of its impacts on the environment.
The basis for development of ecological passports are key indicators of production, the resolution on the nature management, passports for gas and water treatment plants and installation of recycling and waste management, forms of state statistical report and other documents.
7. Environmental Assessment. Basic principles of the environmental impact assessment.
The State Environmental Assessment (SEA) – is a mandatory measure to protect the environment, which is conducted to verify compliance with economic and other activities of society prior to making economic decisions.
When performing the SEA is divided into the following stages:
1. preparatory - to check the completeness of submissions;
2. primary - the study of the submissions;
3. drawing a conclusion (positive or negative).
Basic principles:
- Presumption of potential environmental danger of any economic or other activities;
- mandatory of state environmental assessment before making decisions on the implementation of the object of environmental expertise;
- the complexity of assessing the impact of economic and other activities on the environment;
- Independent experts of environmental expertise in carrying out their responsibilities;
- scientific validity, objectivity and legitimacy of the conclusions of environmental impact assessment;
- transparency, participation of public organizations (associations), responsiveness to public opinion;
- Responsibility of parties for environmental impact assessment for its quality.
8. The Law of the rk "On Ecological Assessment". Two types of environmental impact assessment
This law regulates social relations in the field of environmental assessment in order to prevent the negative impact of administrative, economic and other activities on the environment, life and health of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
In this Law the environmental assessment is defined as a confirmation that the planned economic and other activities correspond to environmental requirements and determination of the admissibility of the object to implement environmental assessment in order to prevent possible adverse impact of the activity on the environment and associated social, economic and other consequences of the implementation of the object of environmental examination.
2 types:
1) State environmental assessment - view of the central executive body of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the sphere of environmental protection and its field offices.
2)Public environmental assessment - an activity undertaken on a voluntary basis by expert commissions established at the initiative of individual groups, associations and research organizations for the environmental assessment of any activity. It can operate independently of the holding for the same projects of the state ecological expertise.
9. Highly toxic substances (HTS). Application of HTS. Effects of HTS.
Highly toxic substances (HTS) - are chemical substances that are intended for use in the national economy and have a toxicity that can cause massive destruction of people, animals and plants.
Effect of HTS on human health
By the nature of development and its duration two main forms of occupational poisoning can be distinguished - acute and chronic intoxication.
Acute intoxication occurs, as a rule, suddenly after a brief exposure to relatively high concentrations of venom and is expressed more or less severe and specific clinical symptoms. In production conditions acute poisonings are most commonly associated with the accident, malfunction of equipment or with the introduction in technology of new materials with little-known toxicity. Chronic intoxication caused by the intake of small amounts of venom and associated with the development of pathological phenomena only under condition of the long-term exposure, sometimes by several years.