- •1)History of Kazakhstan as a science. The purpose and objectives of the study.
- •3)Kazakhstan in the Bronze Age. “Andronovo culture."
- •5) Mohammed Haydar Dulati and his work "Tarikh-I Rashidi."
- •7) Ethno political history of Usuns in written sources.
- •9) Usuns: archaeological sites, settlements and facilities
- •11) Kangüy: archaeological sites, settlements and facilities.
- •13) State of nomadic Uzbeks. : origins, ethnopolitical history
- •21) The Karakhanid state: sources and history of the study, economy, and culture
- •17) Western Turkic Khaganate: sources and history of the study
- •19) The formation of the Kazakh Khanate: sources and history of the study.
- •23) State of Oguz: ethnopolitical history, economy, and culture.
- •27) Political parties and movements in Kazakhstan in the early twentieth century.
- •29) Kazakhstan in second half of хviii c. Igel’strom’s reforms
- •31) Formation of Inner Horde. Bukey-khan
- •33. Anti colonial struggle in Inner Horde under the leadership of I. Taimanov and m. Utemisov.
- •35. Anticolonial rebels in the 40-50's in х1х century under the leadership of j.Nurmukhamedov and e.Kotebarov
- •37) Policy of Khiva and Kokand toward the Kazakhs in the first half of х1х century
- •41) The Steppe statement of 1891: essence and results
- •43) Contribution of Chokan Valikhanov in the study of the history of the Kazakh people.
- •45) Abai Kunanbaev in the history and culture of the Kazakh people.
- •47) Oral tradition and literature in the хiх century.
- •49) State Duma and the Kazakh intelligentsia
- •51) Agricultural policy of tsarism in Kazakhstan in the second half of х1х century
- •53) The newspaper "Kazakh" and the Journal "Aikap in the history and culture of the Kazakh people.
- •57) Civil war on the territory of Kazakhstan (1918-1920)
- •61) Formation of Kirghiz (Kazakh) assr. Unification of the Kazakh land.
- •63) Kazakhstan - an arsenal front during the Great Patriotic War
- •65) Kazakhstan during the "Khrushchev decade" (1953-1964).
- •67) Kazakhstan during the growing crisis of the Soviet economic and socio-political system (1964 - 1985)
- •69) The formation of independent Kazakhstan (1991-1995)
- •71) Features of the establishment of Soviet power in Kazakhstan
- •73) The mass repression of 1937-1938 and its consequences.
- •75) People deportation to Kazakhstan- the crime of totalitarianism.
- •77) The development of science during war. Creation of a "History of the Kazakh ssr" (1943) and its value.
- •79) Socio-demographical processes in Kazakhstan in 50-80-y. Of XX century
- •81) December events of 1 986 years in Alma-Aty: the crisis of ethnocentric policies of the Soviet state.
- •83) Kazakhstan during the reform era of Mikhail Gorbachev
- •85) First Kazakh President- n.A. Nazarbayev (political portrait.)
- •87) Kazakhstan in the years of Khrushchev's reforms. Virgin and fallow lands: implications and lessons.
- •89) The course of the democratization of Soviet society. Kazakhstan at the stage of restructuring and revitalizing social and political development (1985-1991).
29) Kazakhstan in second half of хviii c. Igel’strom’s reforms
External and domestic situation of Kazakhstan.
In the second half of the XVIII century the southern areas Younger жуза were exposed to attacks of Khivan and kokandsky feudal lords. The part of the territory of the Senior жуза by the end of the XVIII century got under the power Tashkent беков. The working population suffered from these attacks first of all. Mass stealing of cattle, capture of people, their sale in slavery were a.sledstviye of attacks of the Central Asian feudal lords. As a result of the international discord kindled by tsarism between the next people, in 50 — the 60th years of the XVIII century attacks on the Kazakh auls of the Kalmyk and Bashkir feudal lords amplified. Difficult there was a foreign policy situation of Average and Senior жузов. Despite weakening of Dzungaria, khuntaishy Lama-Dordzh undertook new attacks on the Kazakh lands. In the second half of the XVIII century economic relations of Kazakhstan with Russia amplified. The number of the Kazakh merchants trading with Russia, exceeded number trading with Central Asia. Already at this time research and development by Russia of territories and natural richness of Kazakhstan began. In the forties XVIII century fight of feudal lords for the power becomes aggravated in Kazakhstan. Abdulkhair who has moved forward in fights with джунгарами and in the period of accession of Kazakhstan to Russia, tried to become the Supreme governor of all Kazakh lands.
So, about Igel’strom’s reforms . Author of reform, Orenburg governor general baron Igelstr. The essence of reform consisted in transfer of power to people's assembly and abolition of the hansky power. Younger zhyz it was divided into three parts according to three breeding unions. Foremen were approved according to the congress recommendation биев and batyrs. The patrimonial principle of a community of Kazakhs Younger жуза was not bypassed – 42 patrimonial foremen and 7 main operated the childbirth, but unlike former system of practice, these governors were approved by the boundary authorities and earned reward that pulled together them in the boundary authorities, - thus the local political government was given openly public character.The approved foremen were sworn in in Boundary court. Real result of reform was strengthening of starshinsky group, however Boundary court, etc. were insufficiently viable. Therefore, in 1789 the new project providing revival in жузе the hansky power was developed.
31) Formation of Inner Horde. Bukey-khan
The Bukey Horde also known as the Inner Horde or Interior Horde was an autonomous Khanate of Kazakhs located north of the Caspian Sea in between Ural and Volga Rivers but never reached this rivers. The khanate officially existed from 1801 to 1845, when the position of khan was abolished and the area was fully absorbed into the administration of the Russian Empire. It was located in the western part of modern-day Kazakhstan. The land spread on 71,000 square kilometers. The population consisted primarily from 5 thousand families of Junior Juz. In a middle of 19th century population grew to 200 thousand people.It was named after sultan Bokei Nuralyuly. In 1756 the Russians attempted to ban the Kazakhs from crossing the Ural River, partly to help the Bashkirs. This was difficult to enforce, given Russia's limited resources. There were numerous 'illegal' crossings and conflicts with the Ural Cossaks. In 1771, following the Kalmyck exodus to Dzungaria, the area became depopulated. The Russians attempted to confine the remaining Kalmyks west of the Volga. From 1782 the Russians permitted Nur Ali and his family, and later some other groups, to cross the Ural legally. In 1801, Russia allowed Nur Ali's son Sultan Bukey, along with some 7,500 families from the Junior jüz to reside permanently in the "Inner Side", as the western side of the Ural was known. After the death of Bukey Sultan, Shygai Khan became the new khan from 1819–1823, followed by Zhangir Khan from 1823-1845. In 1845, following the death of Zhangir Khan, the position of khan was abolished and the area gradually came under Russian civil administration. From 1836 to 1838, under the command of Isatay Taymanuly and famous akyn Makhambet Otemisuly, an uprising against the rule of Zhangir Khan occurred in the region. The uprising was eventually suppressed.