- •Contents
- •Unit one general operating procedures
- •Communication procedures
- •Standard words and phrases
- •Unit two
- •2.2 Automatic terminal information service (atis)
- •2.3 Departure information and atc clearance
- •Unit three start-up and taxi
- •Pushback and start-up
- •3.2 Taxi
- •Unit four take-off and departure
- •Take-off
- •Unit five en route
- •5.1 Position and level information
- •Leaving controlled airspace; entering, leaving and crossing airways
- •En route holding instructions
- •Descent
- •Unit six arrival
- •6.1 Holding instructions in the holding pattern
- •Approach
- •Unit seven landing and after landing
- •Traffic circuit
- •Missed approach and local training
- •Final approach and after landing
- •Unit eight radar control
- •8.1 Radar identification and vectoring
- •Vectoring to final approach and traffic information
- •Precision radar approach
- •Unit nine adverse weather flying
- •Low visibility and windshear
- •Thunderstorm, turbulence and icing
- •Unit ten abnormal situations
- •10.1 Essential aerodrome information
- •Problems in flight
- •Unit eleven urgency and distress
- •11.1 Urgency and communication failure
- •Distress
Distress
EXERCISE 1 Check that you remember all the phrases in this list.
*Port engine failed. |
Левый двигатель отказал. |
*Will attempt to land at your airport. |
Попытаемся произвести посадку в вашем аэропорту. |
Stop transmitting, Mayday. |
Прекратите передачи, Бедствие. |
*Cancel distress, engine restarted. |
Отмените состояние бедствия, двигатель перезапущен. |
Distress traffic ended. |
Обмен бедствиями закончен. |
*Emergency slides are released. |
Аварийные трапы приготовлены. |
*Request fire services and first-aid. |
Просим пожарные службы и первую помощь. |
Airport emergency assistance services will be notified. |
Аварийные вспомогательные службы аэропорта будут оповещены. |
*Making forced landing. |
Производим вынужденную посадку. |
*Cabin decompression, emergency descent. |
Разгерметизация салона, аварийное снижение. |
*We’re being hijacked, we are forced to divert to Tango. |
На нас совершается нападение, нас вынуждают лететь в Tango. |
*We have total electrical failure. |
У нас полный отказ системы электропитания. |
*Emergency descent due to depressurization. |
Аварийное снижение из-за разгерметизации. |
*Air conditioning system inoperative. |
Не работает система кондиционирования воздуха. |
*Cabin altitude rising fast. |
Высота в кабине быстро поднимается. |
*Fuel emergency. |
Аварийный остаток топлива. |
EXERCISE 2 Сheck that you understand all the words and phrases in this list. Look up any new words in an aviation dictionary or ask your teacher.
verify |
sea ditching |
hijacker |
POB |
hostages |
emergency checklist procedure |
emergency assistance |
illuminated |
pressure problem |
no visible signs of fire |
gear retraction |
to threaten |
imminent |
insufficient fuel |
airframe |
incapacitated |
precaution |
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EXERCISE 3 Listen to the recorded dialogue.
P: |
MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY Hong Kong Approach CSN 303 port engine failed, will attempt to land at your airfield, %5 miles west of Charlie 8000 feet, heading 050. |
C: |
CSN 303 Hong Kong Approach roger MAYDAY, radar vectors to IGS runway 13, turn left heading 030 to CH and descend to 6000 feet. You’ll be number one. |
P: |
Left heading 030, descending to 6000 feet, IGS runway 13, CSN 303. |
P: |
Hong Kong Approach HAD 247. |
C: |
HAD 247 stop transmitting MAYDAY. Break break, all stations Hong Kong Approach stop transmitting MAYDAY. |
P: |
CSN 303 cancel distress, engine restarted. |
C: |
CSN 303 roger cancel MAYDAY, turn left heading 270 for IGS approach runway 13, report established. |
P: |
Left heading 270 IGS runway 13 CSN 303. |
C: |
All stations Hong Kong Approach distress traffic ended. |
P: |
Approach CSN 303 established localizer. |
C: |
CSN 303 contact Tower 118.7, good-day. |
P: |
118.7 CSN 303, good-day. |
P: |
Hong Kong Tower CSN 303 final. |
C: |
CSN 303 continue approach you are number one. |
P: |
CSN 303 outer marker. |
C: |
CSN 303 cleared to land. |
P: |
Cleared to land CSN 303. |
P: |
MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY CSN 303 left engine on fire, emergency slides are released, request fire services and first-aid. |
C: |
CSN 303 roger MAYDAY, airport emergency assistance services will be notified. |
EXERCISE 4 Make the back translation of the dialogue in EXERCISE 3 and read it in two.
EXERCISE 5 Listen to the modal exchanges. Repeat the pilot’s words. Then practice the exchanges in two.
a |
P: |
MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY G-ABCD engine on fire, making forced landing 20km south of Beijing, passing 3000m, heading 030. |
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C: |
G-ABCD Beijing Tower roger MAYDAY. |
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b |
P: |
MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY Hong Kong Approach CSN 301 engine failed, will attempt to land at your field, 5 miles south of CH 6000 feet heading 360. |
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C: |
CSN 301 Hong Kong Approach roger MAYDAY, cleared IGS approach runway 13, you are number one. |
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c |
P: |
MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY Beijing Control CCA 981 cabin decompression, emergency descent to 3000m heading 120. |
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C: |
CCA 981 roger MAYDAY. Break break. All stations, emergency descent between PSN and VMB, all aircraft below 9000m between PSN and VMB leave A593 to the east immediately. |
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d |
P: |
MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY CSN 302 aborted take-off, engine on fire, request emergency assistance. |
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C: |
CSN 302 roger MAYDAY. |
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e |
C: |
All stations Hong Kong Tower, stop transmitting MAYDAY. |
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f |
P: |
Hong Kong Tower CSN 301 cancel distress, engine restarted runway in sight, request landing.. |
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C: |
CSN 301 cleared to land. |
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P: |
Cleared to land CSN 301. |
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C: |
All stations, Hong Kong Tower distress traffic ended. |
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g |
C: |
CSN 303 verify squawking 7500. |
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P: |
Affirm, we’re being hijacked, we are forced to divert to Tango. |
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C: |
CSN 303 roger, any message we can pass on to Tango. |
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P: |
The hijacker wants a car waiting for him on the runway. He says he will keep two passengers as hostages. |
EXERCISE 6 Use the words or phrases below to replace the parts in italics in the sentences.
1 |
P: |
MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY JAL 396, we have a fire warning on the main gear, request emergency landing at your field, position 15 miles south of DAN, FL 180. |
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Selection |
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2 |
P: |
MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY BAW 192, emergency descent due to depressurization, leaving FL 310 descending to FL 100. Position 40 miles east of LGD. |
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Selection |
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EXERCISE 7 Complete the following pilot-controller exchanges. Then practice them in two.
1 |
P: |
_______________________________________________________ |
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C: |
GCD roger MAYDAY, direct to J descend to 5000 feet. |
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P: |
_______________________________________________________ |
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P: |
_______________________________________________________ |
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C: |
GCD roger cancel distress, continue approach, you are number one. |
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2 |
P: |
_______________________________________________________ |
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C: |
GCD roger. Break break. All stations, emergency descent between Alpha and Bravo, all aircraft below FL 330 between Alpha and Bravo |
EXERCISE 8 Fill in the blanks with what you hear from the recording.
1 |
P: |
MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY AFR 966 _________ distress call from DLH 124, DLH 124 has _________ emergency with 15 minutes _________, request _________ priority. The aircraft’s position _________ miles east at _________. |
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C: |
AFR 966 roger _________, break, break. DLH 124 cleared _________ runway 21 approach. You’ll be _________. |
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2 |
P: |
MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY UAL 248 number two engine on _________, we have to _________ to the nearest _________ for _________, advise which one is _________, position _________ west of _________ FL _________. |
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3 |
P: |
MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY TWA 216 wheel well on _________ during _________ retraction, we’re _________. Request emergency _________, position _________ north at _________. |
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4 |
P: |
MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY HAD 571 emergency _________ to FL _________ due cabin _________, heading _________. |
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5 |
P: |
CCA 981 request _________ descent to _________ due to _________ problem. |
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C: |
CCA 981 _________ descent at _________ traffic at _________, QFE _________. |
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P: |
CCA 981 descending to _________ and maintain, request further _________ when available. |
EXERCISE 9 Listen to separate transmissions made by pilots of Eastern 2425 and Transtar 391. What problem did each aircraft experience? Why did one declare a MAYDAY but the other a PAN?
EXERCISE 10 Match the words in the left column with the definitions in the right column.
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Word |
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Definition |
a |
condition |
____ |
risk or hazard |
b |
imminent |
____ |
help |
c |
assistance |
____ |
state or situation |
d |
on board |
____ |
about to happen |
e |
danger |
____ |
right now |
f |
immediate |
____ |
on the aircraft |
EXERCISE 11 Complete the two ICAO definitions of distress and urgency below using an appropriate word from the box.
condition |
imminent |
does not require |
requiring |
safety |
assistance |
Distress:
A __________ of being threatened by serious and/or __________ danger and of __________ immediate __________.
Urgency:
A condition concerning the __________of an aircraft or other vehicle, or some person on board or within sight, which __________ immediate assistance.
EXERCISE 12 Complete the sentences below with the expressions PAN PAN or MAYDAY.
a In situation of urgency, __________ shall be used in radiotelephony communications at the beginning of the urgency message.
b In situations of distress, __________ shall be used in radiotelephony communications at the beginning of the distress message.
EXERCISE 13 Put the following distress call in the correct order by writing 1 to 6 in the space provided. Then match each section of the transmission to the information in the right column.
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Order number |
Distress Call |
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Information needed |
a |
______ |
Emergency descent, require immediate return for landing. |
____ |
The nature of distress situation. |
b |
______ |
Present position, 45 miles north east of Honolulu, FL 230, heading 020 degrees, turning left for Honolulu. |
____ |
Intentions of the person in command. |
c |
______ |
Ibisair 54, Airbus A330. |
____ |
Name of station being addressed (if time allows). |
d |
______ |
MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY |
____ |
Position, level and heading. |
e |
______ |
Honolulu Tower. |
____ |
Distress signal spoken three times clearly. |
f |
______ |
Fire in the cabin. |
____ |
Indication of the aircraft. |
EXERCISE 14 Listen to transmissions a to f, and tick the box according to whether the pilot makes a distress or urgency call.
a |
¨ |
Distress |
¨ |
Urgency |
b |
¨ |
Distress |
¨ |
Urgency |
c |
¨ |
Distress |
¨ |
Urgency |
d |
¨ |
Distress |
¨ |
Urgency |
e |
¨ |
Distress |
¨ |
Urgency |
f |
¨ |
Distress |
¨ |
Urgency |
EXERCISE 15 Listen to transmissions a to f in EXERCISE 14 again and complete the table below.
Trans-mission |
ATC station |
Call sign |
Problem |
Inten-tions |
Posi-tion |
Level |
Head-ing |
Requests |
a |
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b |
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c |
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d |
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e |
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f |
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EXERCISE 16 Listen to the full exchanges between the pilots in EXERCISE 14, and ATC and answer the questions that follow.
a |
1 |
What did the controller clear the pilot to do? |
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2 |
What information did the controller give the pilot? |
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3 |
What did the controller tell other aircraft in the area? |
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b |
1 |
What did the controller clear the pilot to do? |
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2 |
What information did the controller give the pilot? |
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c |
1 |
What did the controller clear the pilot to do? |
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2 |
What information did the controller give the pilot? |
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3 |
What did the controller tell the pilot had been requested? |
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d |
1 |
What TWO instructions did the controller give the pilot? |
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2 |
What traffic information did the controller give the pilot? |
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e |
1 |
What did the controller clear the pilot to do? |
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2 |
What did the controller tell other aircraft in the area? |
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f |
1 |
What information did the controller give the pilot? |
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2 |
What TWO things did the controller want to confirm with the pilot? |
EXERCISE 17 Match the definitions in the left column below to the other serious in-flight situations listed in the right column.
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Word |
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Definition |
a |
separation |
____ |
Loss of cabin pressure in a pressurized aircraft. |
b |
incapacitated |
____ |
The right hand side of an aircraft. |
c |
unsure of position |
____ |
Sickness. |
d |
illness |
____ |
Not working or out of order. |
e |
jammed |
____ |
The left hand side of an aircraft or ship. |
f |
port |
____ |
To describe somebody unable to function normally because of sickness or injury. |
g |
inoperative |
____ |
Unable to move freely. |
h |
starboard |
____ |
A phrase meaning ‘lost’. |
i |
depressurization |
____ |
To describe an engine that breaks away from the airframe. |
EXERCISE 18 Listen to an exchange between Eastern 51 and Hong Kong Approach and answer the questions that follow.
a |
What problem did Eastern 51 experience? |
b |
What expression did the controller use to tell other aircraft not to use the radio during the problem? |
c |
What expression did the pilot of Eastern 51 use to inform ATC that the problem was fixed? |
d |
What expression did the controller use to tell other aircraft they could use the radio again? |
