تصريفات الأفعال verb conjugation
P.P |
past |
Present |
driven |
drove |
يقودdrive |
cost |
cost |
يكلفcost |
spoken |
spoke |
يتحدثspeak |
drawn |
drew |
يرسمdraw |
lit |
lit |
يشعلlight |
bent |
bent |
يميل / ينحنيbend |
chosen |
chose |
يختارchoose |
mistaken |
mistook |
يخطئmistake |
worn |
wore |
يرتديwear |
known |
knew |
يعرفknow |
written |
wrote |
يكتبwrite |
sat |
sat |
يجلسsit |
met |
met |
يقابلmeet |
eaten |
ate |
يأكلeat |
Grammar Reported speech
أولا : الجملة الخبريـــــــــــة
1– تحول said to إلي told وإذا كانت said تظل كما هي
2 – تحذف الأقواس و نربط بــــthat و يمكن حذفها
3 – تحول الضمائر حسب المتكلم و المخاطب
4 – تحول الأزمنة من المضارع إلي الماضي .
Ali said , " I'm going to Cairo tomorrow ."
Ali said that he was going to Cairo the next day .
Mona said to Leila , " I'm happy to meet you ."
Mona told Leila that she was happy to meet her .
ملاحظات
1 – إذا كان المخاطب داخل القوس عند التحويل يوضع خارجها
Soha said , " I'll meet you at school , Mona ."
Soha told Mona that she would meet her at school .
3 – يتم تغيير الظروف الزمنية وأسماء الإشارة في الغير مباشر كالأتي :
Direct Indirect |
Direct Indirect |
|
This that |
Next week the following week |
|
Yesterday the day after / the previous day |
Today that day |
Last week the week before |
Tonight that night |
Come go |
Now then |
Bring take |
Ago before |
Thus so |
Here there |
Tomorrow
the following (next ) day
These
those4 – لا يتم تحويل الأزمنة من المضارع إلى الماضي في الحالات الآتية :
إذا كان فعل القول مضارع أو مستقبل ونكتفي بتغيير الضمائر .
He says ,"I'm happy ."
He says that he is happy .
إذا وجد في الجملة ما يفيد إن الحدث تم منذ فترة قصيرة مثل " just now – a minute ago ..etc
He said just now ," I'm going to Cairo ."
He said just now that he is going to Cairo .
الأفعال الناقصة في زمن الماضي
Soha said to Mona ," We would spend a happy time ".
Soha told Mona that they would spend a happy time .
إذا كانت الجملة تعبر عن حقيقة أو عادة
The teacher said ," The earth is round ".
The teacher said that the earth is round .
He said ," I get up at six o'clock every morning ".
He said that he gets up at six o'clock every morning
.