Infection

24. Bacteriological examination of the feces of a 38-year-old woman, who had been ill with typhoid fever 1.5 year ago, revealed Salmonella typhi. Name the form of the infectious process.

A.Bacteria carrying.

B. Secondary infection.

C. Reinfection.

D.Superinfection.

E. Recidivation.

*00*, *01* 38. A child, who is recovering after measles, has developed pneumonia caused by opportunists. What is the most probable form of this infection?

A. Reinfection.

B. Secondary infection.

C. Superinfection.

D. Persistence infection.

E. Mixed infection.

*08* 62. A patient recovered after Sonne shigellosis and was once more (repeatedly) infected with the same causative agent. What is such infection form called?

Superinfection.

Recidivation (recurrence).

Reinfection.

Persistent infection.

E. Chronic infection.

*04*05*06* 73. A patient has acute gonorrhea diagnosed. It is known, that the patient was ill with gonorrhea before, but was cured completely. Name the form of this infection.

Secondary infection.

Superinfection.

Recidivation.

Reinfection.

E. Autoinfection.

130. A 2-year-old boy was not given APDT vaccine according to schedule. On his pharyngeal tonsils there were revealed microorganisms, which by morphological and biochemical properties are identical to Corynebacterium diphtheriae. But precipitation test in gel with antitoxic serum has been negative. What form of infectious process can this agent cause without urgent treatment?

Asymptomatic bacteria carrying.

Easy nontoxic form of disease.

Toxic complicated form of disease.

Chronic disease with the damage of internal organs.

Persistent infection.

It is known three links take part in development of infectious and epidemic process. The first link of infectious process is pathogenic microorganism. But what is the first link of epidemic process?

Source of infection

Dose of microorganism

Way of penetration (invasion)

Proper condition of environment

Host reactivity

Virulent (patogenecity) factors

*00,01,03,05* The patient, 50 years old, had been treated with levomycetin (chloramphenicol) due to enteric fever infection, but day after his state was getting worse and fever lifted up to 39,6 С. How can you explain patient state?

Absence of agent sensitivity to chloramphenicol

Secondary infection arising

Reinfection

Action of causative agent endotoxin

Allergy

*Virulent factors are accounted at indication of etiological significance of microorganisms. Which virulent factor of streptococci can be estimated in clinical sample at light microscopy?

Fimbria

Capsule

Protein A

Protein M

Inclusion bodies

*Which from given virulent factors that typical for the most gram-negative bacteria acts the significant part in pathogenesis of disease, caused by these microorganisms?

Exotoxin

Endotoxin

Invasive factor

Capsule

Hemorrhagic factor

Feces of child with enteritis is emulsified into isotonic solution and the drop of emulsion is seeded onto selective medium (10% yolk-salt agar). Which virulent enzyme possessing aggressive property is revealed at this medium?

Colicins

Lecitinase

Streptokinase

Hemolysines

Hyaluronidase

*Biological method of laboratory diagnostics is used into laboratory of life-threatening infections. Which property of causative agents is not studied at this method?

Phage typing

Biological

Morphological

Tinctorial

Antigenic

Asepsis and antisepsis. Sterilization and disinfection.

15. With the purpose of acceleration sugar-containing media were sterilized by live, non--pressurized steam in one day: during 30 minutes in the morning, in the evening, and in the afternoon. In what way should the media have been sterilized?

A. During 1 hour.

B. During 15 min., three days in succession.

C. During 30 min., two days in succession.

D. During 30 min., three days in succession.

E. During 15 sec. twice a day.

17. After practical activity in a laboratory students must put in order and disinfect their working place. Choose the chemical agent, which should be used.

A. Ether.

B. Chloric acid.

C. Formalin.

D. Chloroform.

E. Chloramine

19. In a laboratory, researches on tetanus diagnostics were carried out. What method of sterilization should be used to destroy the isolated cultures of tetanus pathogens?

Autoclaving (steam under pressure).

Boiling.

Tyndallization.

Dry heat.

E. Pasteurization

74. Control of instrument sterilization in autoclave was carried out with the help of a biologic method. What bacteria are the most rational to use as test-microorganisms?

Spore forming.

Capsule forming.

Acid-fast.

Pathogenic

Thermophilic.

*To decontaminate air into the aseptic cabinet some measures have been carried out, that belong to usual sterilization methods. Which method is the most appropriate for air decontamination after work?

Ultraviolet radiation

Burning

With benzoic acid vapor

With alcohol vapor

Magnetic field

Antisepsis

*00* For carrying out of bacteriological researches into laboratory, have planned at next day, it is necessary to prepare sterile Petri dishes, and pipettes. Which method of sterilization should be used at this case?

*Dry heat

Fluid heat

Tyndalization

Pausterization

Boiling

Antibiotics

33. The staphylococcus, isolated from the nasopharynx of a nurse during hospital infection, differs from the strain, isolated from patients, by containing R-plasmid. What feature can the hospital strain acquire due to the conjugation with the strain isolated from the nurse?

Antibiotics resistance.

Production of enterotoxin.

Production of epidermolitic toxin.

Coagulase production.

Rough colonies formation.

*Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is due to presence into the cell of autonomic genetic structure, transmission of which is possible by conjugation. What is the name of this structure?

Ent-plasmids

Col-plasmids

R-plasmids

Transposons

Prions

*02* Pathogenic staphylococcus has been isolated from purulent wound of patient. Its sensitivity to antibiotics has been detected: penicillin – the zone of growth inhibition 8 mm, oxacillin – 9 mm, ampicillin – 10 mm, gentamycin – 22 mm, lincomycin – 11mm. Which antibiotic should be chosen for treatment?

*Gentamycin

Oxacillin

Ampicillin

Lincomycin

Penicillin

*08* A patient consulted a stomatologist about purulent inflammation of his gums. What drug will be the most effective if it suspected that a causative agent is an anaerobe?

Metronidazole

Gentamicin

Co-trimoxazole

Nitroxaline

Oxacillin sodium

*08* A patient with bacterial pneumonia was prescribed benzipenicillin. What is the mechanism of its antibacterial effect?

Abnormal permeability of cytoplasmic membrane

Antagonism with p-amino-benzoic acid

Inhibition of synthesis of microorganism wall

Inhibition of SH-groups of microorganism enzymes

Inhibition of intracellular protein synthesis