Vaccines

34. Numerous vaccine preparations have been used to induce human active immunity. Which preparation is presented by live attenuated bacteria?

APDT (DPT) vaccine.

BCG vaccine.

Salk's vaccine.

TABTe vaccine.

Hepatitis B vaccine.

*The process of killed vaccine creation consists from several steps. The choice of vaccine strain has crucial significance at this event . Choose the most important criterion for sampling:

To take strains with maximal virulence

To use bacteria with prominent biochemical activity

To select the strains with low pathogenecity

To use strains with low antigenecity and immunogenecity

To take resistant strains to antibiotics

*During outbreak of diphtheria DT vaccine was used for adult immunization. Which type of immunity is created by this preparation?

Natural

Antitoxic

Cellular

Passive

Post infectious

In region , where epicenter of rabies among wild animals has been registered, the bitten with wild dog man visited policlinics. For rabies prevention he was injected with antirabies vaccine. Which type of vaccine does this medicine belong to?

Attenuated

Inactivated

Molecular

Anatoxin (toxoid)

Synthetic

*Schedule vaccination against measles has been made in child community. Which method can be used to check efficacy of immunization?

Virological

Allergic test (allergic probe)

Immunological

Biological

Viroscopic (microscopy)

It is necessary to provide vaccines for schedule immunization into kindergarten. Which property should vaccine have?

Immunogenecity, areactivity

Immunogenecity, areactivity, avirulence

Avirulence, easy technology of production

Areactivity, easy usage

Immunogenecity

Bacterial preparation institute creates vaccines for schedule immunization. What is the name of vaccine composed from microbial cells and toxoid of another causative agent?

Chemical

Gene engineered

Associated

Autovaccine

Combined

*05* Immunization against whooping cough is planned in kindergarten. Which medicine should be used for this purpose?

Type specific serum

BCG vaccine

Normal gamma-globulin

DTT

*DPT vaccine (ADPT)

Immune sera

14. When using treatment antitoxic serums a patient is always given precisely defined doses. In what units is the activity of antitoxic antidiphtheric serum measured?

A. International.

B. Flocculation.

C. Antigenic.

D. Agglutination.

E. Neutralization.

*The sole medicine, that allow to treat successfully such toxic infection as diphtheria, tetanus, and botulism, is antitoxic sera (antitoxins). Choose the way which is used to obtain such sera:

Hyper immunization of horses with medicine obtained from toxin

Enzymatic dialysis (Diaferm)

Immunization of horses with toxigenic bacteria

Hyper immunization of rabbits with corresponding toxins with following purification

Usage of recombinant techniques

* In traumatologic department patient is made primary surgery of wound and the next drug is given for passive immunity creation:

Vaccines

Immune sera

Toxoids

Antibiotics

Vitamins

Serological reactions (tests)

5. A patient referred to a doctor on the second week of illness, which resembled of typhoid-paratyphoid disease by clinicoepidemiologic findings. The doctor decided to confirm the diagnosis by detecting specific antibodies. What preparation should be used for this purpose?

Adsorbed monoreceptor serums.

Diagnostic serums.

Labeled serums.

Monoclonal antibodies.

Diagnosticums.

47. Serologic diagnostics of infectious diseases is based on specific antigen-antibody interaction. Name the serological reaction, which consists in microorganisms clumping under the influence of specific antibodies in the presence of electrolyte.

Hemadsorption.

Precipitation.

Complement fixation test.

Agglutination.

Neutralization.

*Pure culture isolated from the blood at suspicious enteric fever is investigated in bacteriological laboratory. Which serological test should be made to study its antigenic structure?

Precipitation

Agglutination

CFT

ELISA (IFA)

Flocculation

*For serodiagnostics of enteric fever test is made by next way: diagnosticums of three types are added to different dilution of patient serum. Test result is registered by deposit appearance, consisting from clumped bacteria. Which mechanism of interaction between antigen and antibody takes place at this test?

Agglutination

Precipitation

Lysis

Bacteriolysis

Hemolysis

*At negative result of bacteriological method patient diagnosis is made with serology. Thereafter clumping of bacteria under the influence of antibody is named:

Complement fixation test

Precipitation

Agglutination

Lysis

Immobilization

48. Serologic diagnostics of infectious diseases is based on specific antigen-antibody interaction. Name the serological reaction, during which highly refined antigens are adsorbed on erythrocytes.

Neutralization.

Precipitation.

Complement fixation test.

Hemadsorption.

Indirect hemagglutination.

67. Effective diagnostics of enteric bacteria carrying is based on detecting antibodies to certain bacteria antigens during indirect hemagglutination test. Name the standard preparation which should be used.

A. Sheep erythrocytes and hemolytic serum.

B. Antibodies against immunoglobulins of basic classes.

C. Monoclonal antibodies.

D. Monoreceptor diagnostic serum.

E. Erythrocytic diagnosticum (erythrocyte adsorbed by bacteria antigens).

49. Serologic diagnostics of infectious diseases is based on specific antigen-antibody interaction. How is the antigen sedimentation from solution reaction under the influence of immune serum in the presence of electrolyte called?

Neutralization.

Agglutination.

Complement fixation.

Hemadsorption.

Precipitation.

54. Bloodstains are revealed on the clothes of a person accused of a murder. What test can prove that the blood is human?

Neutralization.

Immunofluorescence test.

Complement fixation test.

Agglutination.

Precipitation.

50. Indirect immunofluorescence test has been used to detect toxoplasmas antibodies in the blood serum of a pregnant woman. At first, the fixed smear of toxoplasmas was processed with the investigated serum. With what should the specimen be processed at the following stage?

A. Luminescent serum against human immunoglobulins.

Fluorescent solution.

Human normal immunoglobulin.

D. Diagnostic serum containing toxoplasmas antibodies.

E. Serum containing fluorescent-labeled toxoplasmas antibodies.

*04* During outbreak of acute respiratory infection to diagnose influenza rapid (express) diagnostics is made that is based onto revealing of specific virus antigen in clinical samples. Which test is used for this purpose?

Complement fixation test

*Immunofluorescence

Precipitation

Opsonization

Agglutination

*The outbreak of infection probably of virus etiology was registered in kindergarten. It is necessary to plan antiepidemic measures . Which reactions (tests) or laboratory diagnostics methods should be used first for rapid (fast) and timely decryption this outbreak?

Immunofluorescence microscopy

Electron microscopy

Virological method

Serological method

Light microscopy of native material

56. A patient is hospitalized with the previous diagnosis of hepatitis B. To diagnose the disease a serological reaction based on interaction of antigen and antibody, chemically linked to peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase, was carried out. Name this reaction.

Complement fixation test.

Radioimmunoassay.

Immunofluorescence test.

Enzyme immunoassay.

Immobilization.

66. Causative agent antigens can be revealed in blood of patients with different infectious diseases. What reaction should be used, taking into account that antigenemia level is low?

A. ELISA.

B. Agglutination test.

C. Indirect hemagglutination test.

D. Latex agglutination method.

E. Immunoelectrophoresis.

57. A causative agent has been isolated from a patient with acute gastroenteritis. It should be identified by antigen structure. Which serological reaction should be used?

Precipitation.

Complement fixation test.

Neutralization.

Agglutination.

Opsonization

58. A patient with a suspicion of the chronic form of gonorrhea was admitted to a hospital. Choose a two-system serological reaction for detecting specific antibodies in the serum.

A. Complement fixation test.

B. Neutralization.

C. Agglutination.

D. Radioimmunoassay.

E. Enzyme immunoassay.

68. Hemolytic serum against sheep erythrocytes is necessary for work in the laboratory, where serologic diagnostics of infectious diseases is carried out. Name the test, during which the serum is used.

Viral hemagglutination test.

Indirect hemagglutination test.

Test for the diagnostics of new­ borns' diseases.

Passive hemagglutination.

Complement fixation test.