1.3. Present Perfect Tense.

Have/has+ Ved(V3)

e.g. I have done … John has done …Have we done …? They have not done …

Irregular Verbs Reminder
Arise	Arose	?
Beat	?	?
?	Bent	Bent
?	?	Bled
Burst	?	?
?	Crept	?
Draw	?	?
?	?	Fled
Fling	?	?
?	Hid	?
Kneel	?	?
Lay	?	?
Lie	?	?
?	?	Lit
?	Shone	?
?	Stung	?
?	Trod	?
?	?	Swung
Wind	?	?

1.3.1. Study the list of meanings expressed with the help of Present Perfect Tense and give your own examples.

1. Past linked to present	I have eaten something wrong.
2. Recent past	They have just left.
3. Obvious result	Look! You’ve spilt the milk.
4. Unfinished past	He has lived here all his life.
5. Up to present experience	It's the first time she has done it.
6. Accomplishment	He has finished his work already.
7. Development by the present	Have you already seen him?
8. Absence of experience.	Never in my life have I tasted …
9. Unique experience	It's the most rare … that I have seen …

1.3.2. Match grammar structures with their meaning

I have worked for this firm for the past 40 years.	A/ Unfinished past B/ Obvious result C/ Accomplishment
It's the best chance that you have ever stood.	A/ Unique experience B/ Recent past C/ Up to the present experience
Have you completed the manuscript yet?	A/ Obvious result B/ Accomplishment C/ Unfinished past
The president has not been available for the interview yet.	A/ Development by the present B/ Recent past C/ Absence of experience
This is the most unusual creature that has survived.	A/ Unique experience B/ Past linked to present C/ Unfinished past
I've done all the cooking	A/ Obvious result B/ Accomplishment C/ Recent past
It has been a very long day (I am absolutely run down)	A/ Past linked to present B/ Obvious result C/ Unfinished past
The mail has just arrived	A/ Accomplishment B/ Obvious result C/ Recent past
Never has he been so upset.	A/ Absence of experience B/ Unique experience C/ Development by the present

1.3.3. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate choice. Explain the difference.

1. You … a unique opportunity. It will never come again.

2. You … too much coffee. Go and take a sleeping pill.

3. There was a gentleman to see you. He … a message.

4. The company … in the market for as long as I can remember.

5. Suzy … house at last.

6. This is the best chance that you … .

7. So far, I … much. Better luck next time.

8. She is the most charming girl that I … .

9. Never in my life have I … so much money. How will I pay off?

1. A/ lose B/ have lost C/ losing D/ are finding

2. A/ have drunk B/ drink C/ are drinking D/ have made

3. A/ has taken B/ took C/ has left D/ left

4. A/ is being B/ is C/ was D/ has been

5. A/ has moved B/ has built C/ has bought D/ has sold

6. A/ stand B/ have C/ are taking D/ have had

7. A/ have not done B/ have done C/ have made D/ achieved

8. A/ met B/ meet C/ am dating D/ have met

9. A/ lent B/ borrowed C/ paid D/ found

1.3.4. Fill the gaps in the text below with verbs. Use the words given by changing the form if necessary.

A six-year-old girl … a video of her classroom with crumbling and damp walls. Then she … it to the education ministry. Thus she … attention to the poor conditions in the school. The video … the cracks in the walls and the patches of damp. The classes still … after the Second World War. The school … to get funding for repairs and now … to go to such length. The classrooms … cold, which makes it difficult to learn. The school already … to replace these old classroom with new ones. It … no results. It remains with the local education authorities … priorities for funding such capital projects. So far they … very few steps and the school building is still in a poor condition. This … the need for such an unusual action.

Make Send Draw Highlight Survival Try Have Be Campaign Production Setting Take Prompt

1.3.5. GRAMMAR-GLOSS. Read the text only once and write a free version of what you have read in the space provided. Focus on Present Perfect Tense (you can use other tenses as well).

The personal computer has marked its 20^th birthday. It was in August 1981 that the first PC was built ready for the market. This invention has introduced new technologies that are now blending together to make hybrids of TVs, PCs, mobiles etc. Among the companies who produced personal computers, IBM was one of the pioneers. The computer has made such a success that nobody was able to predict. Now it is a product that can accompany you wherever you go or wherever you are, taking many forms and performing multiple functions. Over the two decades, the computer has radically changed. It has also altered dramatically the way people do business, entertain themselves, get in touch with each other and organise their everyday life. E-mail and world-wide web has brought in tremendous opportunities and the services that have been unheard of before. Recently computer market has shrunk a little because of oversupply. This has led to financial losses and job cuts. There are periods of ups and downs. Many people still do not use a personal computer because they are either scared of the technology or because they can't afford to buy one. Meanwhile, computer wizards are preparing new spectacular products and are achieving new breakthroughs in developing the computer world. New innovations and technologies have already come in and are taking computers to a higher level of sophistication. The industry is hoping it will soon come through the rough patch which marks its 20^th anniversary.

1.3.6. Describe what has changed in modern offices, shops, sports and entertainment centres. Focus on the use of Present Progressive.