7. Complete the sentences using correct preposition.

Other organisations will have different structures. For example most organisations will have a marketing department responsible (1)… market research and marketing planning. A customer services department will look(2)… customer requirements. A human resources department will be responsible for recruitment and selection (3)… new employees, employee motivation and a range of other people focused activities. (4)… addition, there will be a number of cross-functional areas such as administration and Information Technology departments that service the functional areas (5) … the company. These departments will provide back up support and training.

8. Translate into English.

1. Мій товариш займає посаду менеджера збуту.

2. Яким чином організовоне ваше підприємство?

3. Хто наглядає за діяльністю фірми?

4. Нові відділи зайняті розробленням нових товарів.

5. Структура нашого підприємства складна.

6. Мій безпосередній начальник дуже пунктуальний.

7. Щоб задовольнити попит наших покупців, ми мусимо видозмінювати наші товари.

8. Минулого тижня рівень запасів на складі був дуже низьким.

9. Той, хто займає функціональну посаду, не залучений у ланцюжок послідовних команд/систему команд, які йдуть вниз по піраміді.

10. Менеджери, призначені директорами,здійснюють повсякденне керівництво бізнесом.

Unit 16

CHANGES (part one)

Learn the active vocabulary of the Unit and get ready to use it in your further work.

сustomer to еxpand borrowing reduction in borrowings to delegate the tasks working capital profitability todiversify debt to attract capital

to meet interest charges to raise finance/ funds lender downturn interest charges market share; objective up-market/high end down-market/low end product range

Text A

Don’t put all your eggs in one basket

The first question to ask yourself is "Why do I want to expand?" For many people the answer is simply "I want to make more money". For others there is actually no alternative for growth. Your customers want more of what you are offering - to disappoint them could lead them to cancel all their business with you. You are therefore forced into expansion.

If you have decided to grow, you have to answer a number of questions:

• Should I use my own resources or increase my borrowings or attract new capital from outside?

• Should I develop new products or services?

• Should I delegate some of the tasks to other people to save myself from overwork?

Growth usually requires new finance. If you think of raising your finance, two words of warning: 'over-gearing' and 'over-trading'.

'Over-gearing' occurs when a company borrows too much and has to devote too large a proportion of its income to meeting interest charges and repaying loans. The problem with borrowing a large amount of money is that if the income of your business falls, it is often difficult to bring about a corresponding reduction in borrowing.

'Over-trading' occurs when turnover expands much faster than working capital, particularly cash. The increased volume of orders leads to more staff employed, and the business has insufficient cash. It therefore has a rising borrowing requirement and may also become heavily dependent on trade creditors. Interest charges on the borrowed money may further reduce profitability. As a matter of fact, business may run out of credit. Many basically profitable businesses have failed this way.

Many businesses grow because they have one major customer. In lots of ways, this is good news. It means that you must be doing something right. It can also be economical of your time and effort to deal with one set of people, instead of dealing with many different customers. But there are dangers too.

A sudden change of circumstances can cause the sudden loss of a large proportion of your business. To avoid any complacency, seek new business and develop it in order to build a broad and well-balanced range of customers.

Notes: togear – ставити в залежність