Vocabulary:

1. border on - межувати з

2. Hungary [’hAqgsn] - Угорщина

3. Romania [rou'meinja] - Румунія

4. entity ['entiti] - сукупність

5. rninonty [mai’noriti] - меншина

6. urban [’о:Ьзп] - міське населення

7. rural [’гизг(з)1] - сільське населення

8. density - густота

9. plain-рівнина

10. the Carpathian mountains [ka:pei9jsn] - Карпатські гори

11. the Cnmean mountains [krai'misn] - Кримські гори

12. flora ['flo:ra] - флора

13. fauna [То:пз] - фауна

14. navigable ['naevigsbl] - судноплавний

15. mineral resources - мінеральні ресурси

16. deposit [di'pozit] - поклади, місце наподження

EXERCISES

1. Make up the plan to the text.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. What can you say about the geographical position of Ukraine?

2. What is the area of Ukraine?

3. What nations and nationalities live in Ukraine?

4. What mountains in Ukraine do you know?

5. What seas is Ukraine washed by?

6. How many people live in Ukraine?

7. What are the longest rivers in Ukraine?

8. What is the climate of Ukraine ?

9. Is Ukraine rich in mineral resources?

10. What kind of mineral resources has Ukraine?

11. What are the main branches of industry in Ukraine?

12. What is the second major fanning branch of Ukraine?

IIJ. Fill in the missing words:

1. It ... Russia in the east, Byelorussia in the north, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary. Romania and Moldova in the west.

2. It is one of the largest geographical... in Europe.

3. The most part of its area is flat, but the ... are broken by high­lands.

4. The second largest Ukrainian mountains are the ....

5. The ... and... of our country are extremely rich.

6. Most ofthe rivers are ....

7. Ukraine is rich in ... : coal oil, gas, and iron ore.

8. The geographical position of Ukraine is very ... for the development of its industry and agriculture.

9. The most important farming branch is ....

10. The geographical position of Ukraine is good for ... close economic relations with many European countries.

4. Imagine you interview an English-speaking person who has been living in Ukraine for two monthsWrite a dialogue asking him/her about his/her experiences. Include the questions below.

m

E x a m p 1 e: I was wondering if you could answer some questions.

Could you answer some questions?

How long have you been living here?

Is this your first time in Ukraine?

Do you like living here?

What do you miss the most?

Have you made any Ukrainian friends?

Industry

Industry- is the most important area of Ukraine's economy. In the current structure Ukraine’s industry a great proportion is occupied by heavy industry, especially the steel, machine - building and coal industries. A considerable¹ part is played by the _yfood and light industries Top position is held by machine building. Ukraine has a/ strong power generation industry. Large thermal and hydroelectric stations have been built. There are 10 nuclear power plants in Ukraine. The metallurgical industry includes the ferrous and non-ferrous industries. The machine - building industry is presently the largest branch of industry. Instrument-making is one of the most scattered" branch. An important place is occupied by heavy machine - building, which provides plant and equipment for metallurgy, power stations and cement plants. Shipbuilding is now an important branch of industiy. Seagoing vessels’ are built at shipyards located in Mykolayiv, Kherson and Kyiv. The motor vehicle⁴ industry sprung up after WW II. Farm machinery plants turn out nearly all types of soil cultivating, sowing and harvesting machines. The manufacture of tractors and combine t harvesters is concentrated in large plants. The chemical industr embraces" the production of acids, alkalis, salts, fertilizers, dyes,

5. detergents, plastics, synthetic fibres, pharmaceuticals and other goods. The manufacture of building materials is well-developed in all of Ukraine’s provinces. Ukraine’s food industry is located mostly in the forest-steppe, the steppe, the South (fruit canning, wine) There aie many textile enterprises in Ukraine. Garment and foot ear industries are located in large population centres. China and pottery enterprises have developed too.

AGRICULTURE

Ukraine has very favorable conditions for the development of agriculture production: fertile soils⁶, temperately warm climate, a well- developed industry processing agriculture raw materials⁷. All the _? principle areas of plant cultivation are: grain and industrial crops⁸, meadow culture, fruit and vegetable raining. Almost half the cropping area is occupied by cereals⁹, such as winter wheat, maize and legumes¹⁰, rye¹¹, oats¹², barley¹³. Among the industrial crops such as sugar, beet, sunflower, flax the leading position is occupied by sugar beet. Close to 40 types of vegetable crop are grown in Ukraine: cabbage¹⁴, tomato¹ , cucumber¹⁶, red beet, carrot¹⁷, onion¹⁸ and garlic . Melon growing is practiced mainly in the south. Potatoes occupy 6% of total area under cultivation. Animal husbandry is the second-largest component of agriculture. The most widespread branch is cattle breeding, pig raising is another important area. Sheep farming is also practiced. The poultry industry is spread through all the provinces Birds fanned include chicken, duck, goose, and turkey. There are large mechanized poultry factories to produce eggs and meat. Fish farming is growing in importance, with carp, being the most common fish Trout² , which is to be found in the mountain rivers, is of commercial interest. Beek-keeping is spread through all zones. It is extensively practiced on private plots. Fur animals being farmed include the silver and blue fox. mink²¹ and nutria