Vocabulary:

1. cherishing - зберігання

2. preserving - дотримання

2. trace - простежувати

4. embroidered - вишитий

5. welcome - гостинність

6. essential - важливий

5. engagement - заручини

4. marriage - шлюб, весілля, одруження

5. draped - розташовані

6. distinctive element - характерний елемент

7. meals - страви /

8. wedding - весілля

EXERCISES

1. Give English equivalents for:

Звичаї і традиції, історичне минуле нації, зберігання та дотримання багатьох звичаїв та традицій, простежувати історію, наші прабатьки, хліб і сіль, вишитий рушник, символ гостинності, важлива щоденного життя, відзначати святкування заручин, одруження, Різдво, Паска, ікона, сімейний портрет, писанка, багата народна традиція, традиційна вишивка, характерний елемент, високорозвинений стиль вишивки, традиційна страва, весілля.

2. Ask the questions which receive the following answers:

1. One of the most peculiar features of life in Ukraine is the cherishing and preserving of many traditions and customs.

2. Bread and salt are used as a symbol of welcome.

3. Embroidered towels mark the celebration of engagement.

marriage, birth, death, Christmas and Easter.

2. "Rushniki" are draped around icons and family portraits.

:^v. The decoration of "rushniki" or "wriite:v-npon-eggs'’ is a rich folk tradition.

6. Ukrainians have many traditional meals.

7. Ukrainian parties "vechomitsy" are a custom :•> spend free time in the evening with songs and poems, stories, jokes and dances.

8. Many interesting holidays are connected with the historical development of Ukraine.

HI. Ask your friend to give you as much information as possible about Ukrainian customs and traditions.

Memory Wor^

Proverbs and sayings:

Every country has its customs. - В кожній країні свої звичаї.

So many countries, so many customs. - Скільки країн, стільки й звичаїв.

Feast today and fast tomorrow. - Сьогодні пир, а завтра піст. Christmas comes but once a year. - Різдво раз на рік буває.

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UKRAINE ROUND THE CALENDAR

Every country and every nation has its own traditions and customs, its holidays. It is very important to know the history of the country. We often eagerly look forward to¹ holidays. Some people prefer to go somewhere or to see their friends and' relatives. Other people go in for sports or go to the cinema or spend the time with a family on holidays.

By the way, the word "holiday" comes from the words "holy day". Holidays were the first religious festivals. Almost every country has holidays honouring² important events³ in its history. Some holidays are celebrated in many countries. Some are celebrated only in one part of the country, other e celebrated by the people of only one region. There are holidays wnich come on the same date of the same month. For example: New Year's Day, Christmas. But some do not.

Some holidays, as Easter, are called movable⁴ holidays.

In Ukraine we have many holidays, both, public holidays and religious. There are only six public holidays in Ukraine. They are' New Year's Day on the 1st of January, the 8th of March (the Women's Day), May Day, the holiday of the working people, Victory Day (the anniversary of the victory in the World War II), the Day of Independence on the 24th of August, Constitution Day on the 28th of June.

We have many religious holidays too. Among them:/ Christmas, the most important holiday of the year: Easter, which is celebrated on the first Sunday after the first full moon at the beginning of spring, Holy Trinity⁵, Vodokhresche, the holiday of St.Mikoiaj, St.Andry, St.Vasil and many others.

There are also professional holidays in Ukraine. We celebrate Teacher's Day on the first Sunday of October, Ce of ogi&i's Day On Ihe. f'Vst Sunday cf Apri^t^e Arir^ Day, the Doctors Ds.y and

ii.iili) othcia.

At the end of the week we hare Suhday, the da y o-f-f and tii<? rest uic oruiuary working days.