8. Fill in the gaps with one of the adverbs:

domestically / increasingly / vastly / internationally / alone / geographically / dramatically

to confront the world ___ to be solved by acting ___

to open economies ___ and ___ to increase potential ___

___ remote locations to reduce ___

9. Fill in the gaps with one of the words from the box:

advent (2) / reducing / emergence (2) / reduction / access (2) / to reduce

___ of production markets ___ poverty

___ of global challenges ___ the costs of trade

___ of worldwide markets ___ to foreign products

___ of fiber optic communications a ___ of barriers

better ___ to external financing

10. Make an outline of the text. Pick up key phrases from each part.

11. Render the text according the outline. Make use of the active vocabulary.

12. Fill in the gaps with phrases that can be used in the identification of the key contributors to globalization:

Causes of globalization

Globalisation	Technology (Internet)
	Transport costs and speed of transport
	End of the Cold War
	Global problems (climate, migration)
	Liberalisation

13. Fill in the gaps with phrases that can be used while speaking about globalization in the following spheres:

Globalisation	Politics
	Society
	Economy
	Culture
	Environment

14. There is a debate whether the power of international capital and multinational monopolies are good things or not. Read the following excerpts and say whether it is good or bad for the prosperity of the world:

1. Only organizations having resources and expertise to exploit the information on their networks on a worldwide scale will have a key competitive advantage in many industries. If a company can operate in and produce for not just one country, or even one continent, it will allow the company to reduce costs and benefit from economies of scale.

2. There is often resistance to ideas coming from the outside even in a company that operates within one country. With subsidiaries in many countries this becomes even more of a problem, because it is compounded by cross-cultural issues and potential misunderstandings. Resistance to the way of doing things elsewhere may be even stronger if the subsidiary was previously a local company taken over by a multinational one. There is a threat of huge loss of jobs and loss of a sense of security among those that remain.

3. A brand like Coca-Cola has been around a long time, and dominates the fizzy drink market in almost every country, outselling local brands. But one of the exceptions is Scotland and marketing specialists are trying to find out why this is. Why the international market is not truly homogenous is inexplicable. In France they prefer top-loading washing machines when the rest of Europe prefers door-loaded ones, which could be related to the smallness of French apartments. But there are also cultural ‘traditions’ that are harder to explain. Consumer goods companies understand that management of brands internationally is partly a cross-cultural issue.

4. Lowering of shipping costs occurs because the shipping charge for a whole container of goods crossing the Pacific can be as little as $50. The transport costs for each ‘Japanese’ TV, probably made in Malaysia or elsewhere, sold in the US or Europe is negligible.

5. There is huge reduction in telecommunications and computing costs nowadays. The cost of a 3-minute phone call from New York to London in 1930, for example, was $300 in today’s money. There is more computing power in the average wrist watch today than there was in all the world’s computers in 1950.

15. Match a phrase with its Russian equivalent:

economies of scale	приобретать контрольный пакет акций компании
to take over a business	принять должность / пост мэра
to take over (the office of mayor)	поглотить компанию; принимать руководство
competitive edge / advantage	экономия, обусловленная ростом масштабов производства;
to take over a company	ключевые составляющие
key contributors	конкурентное преимущество

16. Match the sentence halves:

Free movement of capital at the touch of a button	is called economies of scale.
The financial advantages that a company gains when it produces large quantities of products	with the lowering of trade barriers.
Trade liberalization comes	is the fuel of investment in all its forms.
Lowering of shipping costs occurs	that people buy goods of the same brands, watch the same films, read the same magazines.
Homogenization of tastes worldwide means	thanks to the efficiency of containerization.