- •Elektronski fakultet
- •Written and spoken communications in english for science and technology introduction
- •Nadežda Stojković
- •Edicija: Pomoćni udžbenici
- •Elektronski fakultet
- •Nadežda Stojković
- •Isbn 86-85195-02-0
- •Table of contents
- •VII spoken presentations and interviews 99
- •VIII bibliography 117
- •Foreword
- •VI correspondence 73
- •II paragraph
- •2.1. Paragraph structure
- •2.2. Kinds of paragraphs
- •III essay
- •3.1. Parts of an essay
- •Introduction
- •3.2. Kinds of essays
- •3.3. Five paragraph model of composition
- •Introductory paragraph
- •3.4. Quotations/ references/ bibliography
- •IV formal reports and instructions
- •4.1. Formal reports format
- •4.2. Proposal (feasibility), progress and final report
- •4.2.1. Proposal (feasibility) report
- •4.2.2. Progress report
- •4.2.3. Final report
- •Introduction
- •4.3. Laboratory report
- •4.4. Design reports
- •Introduction
- •4.5. Instructions
- •4.5.1. Instructions format
- •Introduction:
- •4.6. User guides
- •Information Included in User Guides
- •4.7. Other types of technical documents/reports
- •V research papers
- •5.1. Research papers planning and writing
- •5.1.1. Note on style
- •5.1.2. General structure of a research paper
- •Introduction:
- •5.2. Journal articles
- •5.2.1. Prose and style considerations
- •5.2.2. Specific sections of an article:
- •5.3. Diploma paper
- •5.3.1. General structure of a diploma paper
- •5.3.2. Diploma paper defending
- •5.4. Master's vs PhD thesis
- •5.5. General features of a PhD thesis
- •5.5.1. Two types of PhD theses
- •5.6. PhD thesis proposal
- •5.6.1. Proposal format
- •5.7. PhD thesis format
- •Introduction
- •VI correspondence
- •6.1. Common letter components
- •Sample letter of common kind
- •6.2. Types of correspondence
- •6.2.1. Technical Cooperation
- •6.2.2. Technical Visits Abroad
- •6.2.3. Technical Visits from Abroad
- •6.2.4. Technical Training
- •6.2.5. Requesting Information
- •6.2.6. Complaint and Adjustment Letters
- •6.2.7. Application Letter
- •Sample application letter
- •6.2.8. Letter of Recommendation
- •Sample letter of recommendation
- •6.2.9. Resume/ cv
- •The common structure of a resume/cv
- •Helpful tips considering cv style
- •Sample cv
- •Your name
- •6.2.10. Cover Letters
- •Sample cover letter
- •6.2.11. Thank you Letters
- •Sample post-interview thank you letter
- •Sample post-information thank you letter
- •Sample job offer acceptance thank you letter
- •6.2.12. Memorandum
- •6.2.13. Emails
- •VII spoken presentations and interviews
- •7.1. Spoken presentations
- •7.2. Preparing and delivering formal spoken presentation
- •1) Analyse your audience
- •2) Know your task
- •3) Determine primary purpose
- •4) Shape your presentation
- •5) Select effective supporting information
- •6) Choose an appropriate pattern of organisation
- •7) Select appropriate visual aids
- •8) Prepare a suitable introduction
- •9) Prepare a closing summary
- •10) Practice
- •11) Delivery
- •12) Time and focus
- •7.3. Scientific discussion - argumentation and contra argumentation
- •6. Conclusion
- •7.3.1. Appropriate phrases for developing an argument
- •7.4. Interviews
- •7.4.1. Some interview tips
- •7.4.2. Common interview questions and answering hints
- •VIII bibliography
6.2.11. Thank you Letters
These letters are usually written after an interview, upon receiving required information or advice, or as a job offer acceptance notification. In all cases, and hereby mentioned ones are far from final, thank you letters are formal in register. They follow the usual letter format. Here are the samples of the mentioned kinds.
Sample post-interview thank you letter
ADDRESS OF THE RECIPIENT YOUR ADDRESS
DATE
Dear _________,
Thank you again for the opportunity to interview for the ________ post. I appreciated your hospitality and enjoyed meeting you and the members of your staff.
The interview convinced me how compatible my background, interest, and skills are with the goals of your company. I am confident my work for you will result in increased profit and recognition.
I look forward to seeing you again.
Sincerely yours,
YOUR SIGNATURE
Sample post-information thank you letter
ADDRESS OF THE RECIPIENT
DATE
Dear __________,
Your advice was most helpful in clarifying my questions on careers in your sector. I am now reworking my resume and have included many of your thoughtful suggestions. I will send you a copy next week.
Thank you so much for taking time from your busy schedule to see me. I will keep in contact and follow through on your suggestions.
Sincerely,
YOUR SIGNATURE
Sample job offer acceptance thank you letter
ADDRESS OF THE RECIPIENT
DATE
Dear ___________,
I am pleased to accept your offer, and I am looking forward to joining you and your staff next month.
This position is ideally suited to my background and interests. I assure you I will give my best effort in making this an effective position within your company.
I enjoyed meeting with you and your staff and appreciated the professional manner in which the hiring was conducted.
Sincerely,
YOUR SIGNATURE
6.2.12. Memorandum
A common form of inter- or intradepartmental communication in business and academia is the memorandum, usually called a memo. Memoranda are written by everyone, from junior executives to engineers. Hence, it is essential to master this basic communication form.
Memorandum Format
Although memoranda are ordinarily formal, there has recently been a trend toward a more personal style, yet without sacrificing clarity, grace, or precision. Unlike letters, which include inside addresses, salutations, and complimentary closings, memoranda have just two sections: the heading and the body. To simplify the communication process, many firms and organisations use memoranda pads with predesigned formats. If you need to construct a memorandum, use the vertical format shown below:
Date: To: From: Subject:
Memorandum Content
Two words characterise a well-written memorandum: informative and concise (J.D.Bates 1980, J.S.VanAlstyne 2001). Make your memorandum informative by observing the same principles that govern any writing process, the most important of which are preparation and organisation.
Preparation: Determine the exact objective. You should be able to state this objective in a single sentence. Know your reader(s), and determine whether or not you need to cover fundamental issues or define technical terms.
Organisation: Keep things under control. Present your material coherently, and decide on the pattern of organisation that best suits your purpose. The two most common patterns of organisation for business and technical memoranda are deduction (decreasing order of importance) and induction (increasing order of importance).
- Deduction: presenting ideas in decreasing order of importance, generally assumes that the reader is well acquainted with the topic under discussion. In writing a deductive memorandum, present your most salient point first (but do not simply repeat the subject statement). This strategy spares readers needless loss of time wading through data they may already know. Place supporting facts in subsequent sentences for readers who may be unfamiliar with the subject. Place the background data last. Those who want or need to read this information to understand the message will take the time to do so; others may scan it or bypass it entirely. Most business memoranda use this pattern of organisation.
- Induction: presenting ideas in increasing order of importance, draws upon a different set of assumptions than deduction. The reasons to use induction vary, but they may include the following: you have to announce bad news or your reader(s) may not understand the main idea without significant prior preparation. In such cases, organise your thoughts by leading up to the most forceful idea, and present that idea at the end of the memorandum. Keep in mind that such memoranda often take longer to write.
Memorandum Style
Strive to be plain, direct, and concise while using a comfortable, natural style. In its final form, the memorandum should be clear and informative. Generally, your tone will be neutral or positive, but you may occasionally have to issue complaints or reprimands in the memorandum form. Use caution in negative situations, and be aware of the effect of your correspondence. Ostentatious language, excessively technical jargon, or complicated syntax will make you sound pompous. Hence, try to be cordial, straightforward, and lucid, avoiding chit-chat, but striving toward a relaxed and conversational style. If you project an image of consideration, you stand a much greater chance of being viewed as knowledgeable and competent in carrying out your professional responsibilites.
