12. Замените определительное придаточное предложение определительным причастным оборотом.

Образец: The igneous rocks which have crystallized from magma may rise through fissures to the surface of the Earth as lava. → The igneous rocks crystallized from magma may rise to the surface of the Earth as lava.

1. The classification of igneous rocks which is given below is based on texture and composition of minerals.

2. Igneous rocks were a hot molten mass which was known as magma.

3. Observations have shown that the rock types which were pro­duced by molten volcanoes, include, for example, rhyolite, andesite, basalt and other rocks.

4. Andesite which was first found in the Andes Mountains in South America is the fine-grained rock, intermediate in composition between granite and basalt.

5. Copper is second only to iron among the important metals which are widely used in modern engineering.

13. Найдите в тексте 1 и выпишите: 1) причастия прошедшего времени в функции левого определения вместе с существительными, которые они определяют; 2) причастия прошедшего времени, входящие в определитель­ный причастий оборот; 3) причастия прошедшего времени, используемые для образования глагольных форм группы Perfect; 4) причастия прошедшего времени, используемые для образования страдательного залога.

14. Соедините главные предложения с придаточными:

1. Abyssal rocks belong to the a) that are economically important.

group of intrusive rocks

2. Uplifts in mountain belts b) which usually cut through

have permitted erosion to plutonites.

the depths

3. Granites and diorites occur c) because they are intruded into

as batholiths pre-existing rocks.

4. Pegmatites (quartz, orthoclase d) at which plutonic masses are formed.

and mica) occur in numerous veins

5. Extrusive igneous rocks have e) where the changes in temperature

been formed as lavas are great.

6. Igneous rocks are rich in f) which come from fissures to

minerals the surface of the Earth's crust.

7. Physical weathering occurs g) which are large irregular masses.

in the deserts and in high mountains

15. Закончите следующие предложения подходящими по смыслу словами из текста 1:

1. Batholiths are composed of... .

2. Laccoliths are very similar to sills but sills ... .

3. Granites belong to the group of... .

4. Pegmatites are also ....

5. Dykes are intrusive bodies which ... .

6. Extrusive rocks have been formed from ....

7. As for the origin of intrusive rocks, they ... ,

8. The grain size of igneous rocks may be different. For example ....

16. Выразите несогласие со следующими высказываниями. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста, используя предлагаемые разговорные формулы:

It seems to be wrong; I don't agree with yon; I don't think so; on the con­trary; that's not quite so; as far as I know

1. Igneous rocks have been formed by sedimentation. Nothing is written about different types of these rocks.

2. One cannot explain the fact that exposed igneous rocks are most numerous in mountain zones.

3. Granites and diorites belong to the group of extrusive rocks and their mode of occurrence is unknown.

4. Plutonic or abyssal rocks are extrusive rocks with grain size less than 0.5 mm.