1) Mark these statements t or f according to the information in the text:

1. An engine is a mechanical device that produces some form of output from a given input.

2. In 1986, Karl Benz was granted a patent for his design of the first engine with horizontally-opposed pistons.

3. Engines have ranged from 1 to 4 cylinder designs with corresponding differences in overall size, weight, piston displacement, and cylinder bores.

4. Larger diesel engines are still often used in trucks and heavy machinery.

5. The diesel engine was originally selected for the automobile due to its flexibility over a wide range of speeds.

2) Match heads and tails:

A motor car has a starter motor and motors to drive pumps	were followed in a majority of the models.
Larger diesel engines do not burn as clean as	the automobile due to its flexibility over a wide range of speeds.
Earlier automobile engine development produced	but the power plant that propels the car is called an engine.
The internal combustion engine was originally selected for	a much larger range of engines than is in common use today.
Four cylinders and power ratings from 19 to 120 hp (14 to 90 kW)	gasoline engines, however they have far more torque.

3) Match these terms with their definitions:

engine	a system for steering which uses power from the engine so that it is easier for the driver to steer the vehicle
power steering	a liquid which is used as a fuel for motor vehicles
power rating	the amount of electrical power required for a particular device
fuel injection	a machine with moving parts that converts power into motion
petrol	a system in the engines of some vehicles which forces fuel directly into the part of the engine where it is burned.

4) Fill in the gaps:

Earlier automobile engine development produced a much larger range of ___1___than is in common use today. Engines have ranged from 1 to 16 __2__designs with corresponding differences in overall size, weight, piston displacement, and cylinder bores. Four cylinders and __3___from 19 to 120 hp (14 to 90 (__4__) were followed in a majority of the models. Several three-cylinder, two-stroke-cycle___5___were built while most engines had straight or in-line cylinders.

1. cylinder

2. power ratings

3. kW

4. models

5. engines

Құрастырушы

Оқытушы _________________________ Жамалиева А.А.

(қолы)

«Шет тілдері» кафедрасының отырысында қарастырылған және бекітілген.

Хаттама № _ ________________ ж.

Д.СЕРІКБАЕВ атындағы ШЫҒЫС ҚАЗАҚСТАН МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК

ТЕХНИКАЛЫҚ УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ

Ақпараттық технологиялар және энергетика факультеті

Шет тілдер кафедрасы

БЕКІТЕМІН

каф.меңгерушісі

­­­­­________Сарсембаева А.А

_____________________ж.

truck

A truck (American English) or lorry (British English) is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo. Trucks vary greatly in size, power, and configuration, with the smallest being mechanically similar to an automobile. Commercial trucks can be very large and powerful, and may be configured to mount specialized equipment, such as in the case of fire trucks and concrete mixers and suction excavators.

Modern trucks are powered by either gasoline or diesel engines, with diesel dominant in commercial applications. In the European Union vehicles with a gross combination mass of less than 3,500 kilograms (7,716 lb) are known as Light commercial vehicles and those over as Large goods vehicles.

The word "truck" might have come from a back-formation of "truckle" with the meaning "small wheel", "pulley", from Middle English "trokell", in turn from Latin "trochlea". Another explanation is that it comes from Latin "trochus" with the meaning of "iron hoop". In turn, both go back to Greek "trokhos" (τροχός) meaning "wheel" from "trekhein" (τρέχειν, "to run"). The first known usage of "truck" was in 1611 when it referred to the small strong wheels on ships' cannon carriages. In its extended usage it came to refer to carts for carrying heavy loads, a meaning known since 1771. With the meaning of "motor-powered load carrier", it has been in usage since 1930, shortened from "motor truck", which dates back to 1916.

"Lorry" has a more uncertain origin, but probably has its roots in the railroad industry, where the word is known to have been used in 1838 to refer to a type of truck (a freight car as in British usage, not a bogie as in the American), specifically a large flat wagon. It probably derives from the verb lurry (to pull, tug) of uncertain origin. With the meaning of "self-propelled vehicle for carrying goods" it has been in usage since 1911.

Almost all trucks share a common construction: they are made of a chassis, a cab, an area for placing cargo or equipment, axles, suspension and roadwheels, an engine and a drivetrain. Pneumatic, hydraulic, water, and electrical systems may also be identified. Many also tow one or more trailers or semi-trailers.