4.Functional style classification. Functional style characteristics. Scientific style: substyles, common and peculiar features.

Major English FS:

• The language of belles-letters

• The language of publicistic literature

• The language of newspapers

• The language of scientific prose

• The language of official documents

FS - patterned variety of literary text

Characteristics:

• Constituent typification to secure purpose of communication

• Relative stability

• History dependence

• Society dependence

Function:

• to bring proofs to clinch a theory, create new concepts, disclose the internal laws of existence, development, relations between different phenomena

Language means are:

• Objective

• Precise

• Unemotional

• Devoid of individuality

Substyles: 1) language of humanitarian sciences; 2) language of technical sciences; 3) language of popular scientific prose.

Functional genres: article/paper, monograph, teaching manuals/materials, dissertation, specification, patents

Characteristic

1. logical sequence of utterances with clear indication of their interrelations and

2. pronouns: one, it, we, they;

3.Restriction to formal style: professional vocabulary and learned words

4. Definite lexical categories: Verbs of exposition: ascertain, assume, compare, construct, describe, determine, estimate, examine, explain, label, plot, record, test, verify.

5 . Syntax

• Complete (non-elliptical) sentence

• Extended attributive phrases:

• Quotation and reference usage

• Impersonality – passive constructions

Eng: Passive Voice Rus: Active Voice

5. Expressive means and stylistic devices as basic concepts of stylistics.

Expressive means should be fixed in grammars and dictionaries and they include:

• Phonetic means - intonation

• Morphological forms - present

• Means of word-building - affixes

• Lexical, phraseological and syntactical forms – add special color

Stylistics device is a conscious and intentional use of some language facts, including expressive means - metaphor

6. Stylistics. It’s subject, object and branches.

Stylistics is a brunch of linguistic. Analysis of certain types of texts, distinguished by certain choice of language means. Subject - stylistic devices, functional styles and their structure, characteristics features and effects nature.

Brunches

Lexical stylistics – functions of direct and figurative meanings

Grammatical stylistics (morphological – stylistic potential of grammatical categories and parts of speech, and syntactical -structure of sentences and emotional value)

Phonostylistics – phonetically organization of prose and phonetic texts

Functional stylistics – difference between it

Individual style study – of outer

Stylistics of encoding – encoding

7. Classification of lexical expressive means and stylistic devices.

The interaction or interplay between the primary dictionary meaning and a meaning which is imposed on the word by a micro-context may be maintained along different lines.

Metaphor - when two different phenomena (things, events, ideas, actions) are simultaneously brought to mind by the imposition of some or all of the inherent properties of one object on the other which by nature is deprived of these properties.

Metonymy is based on some kind of association connecting the two concepts which these meanings represent. – Образное – зал аплодировал

Irony is a stylistic device also based on the simultaneous realization of two logical meanings—dictionary and contextual, but the two meanings stand in opposition to each other.