Vocabulary

Part II

to gather information capacity topic to define means (singular or plural) to bear to represent category trend modern aircraft (singular or plural) to prefer to suit to cope to need result jam example

to collect. knowledge. ability to contain. a subject for discussion. to explain the meaning of. a way of doing something. to carry. to be a member or example of. a division in a grouping. a general inclination. up-to-date. aeroplane (s) to like better. to meet the needs of. to manage successfully. to require. an outcome. a number of people or things crowded together. a specimen of the same kind.

Explanations

Part III

1. Traffic jams. This term refers to a number of vehicles crowded together so that their movement is difficult or impossible. It is possible, as with a traffic jam, to have a log jam in a river.

2. Peak hours. The word peak is the highest point of a mountain as well as that of a record of figures that fluctuate.

Peak hours of traffic – time when the traffic is

the heaviest.

Off-peak hours – when consumption, traffic etc.

is not heavy.

Industry’s peak hours – when work, consumption of

power etc. is the highest.

Exercises

1. Answer the following questions.

1. Why was Mr Robin gathering facts?

2. What was the subject of his essay?

3. How did Mr Smith define the word transport?

4. How do people usually travel?

5. What vehicles or craft do they use?

6. What is the trend in building modern conveyances?

2. Give the meaning of the following words.

1. Capacity. 2. Topic. 3. To define. 4. To represent. 5. Trend.

3. Match the words from A with the definitions from B.

A.

1. Means (n).

2. Category.

3. To prefer.

4. To suit.

5. To cope.

6. To need.

7. Result.

B.

1. An outcome.

2. To meet the needs of.

3. A division in a grouping.

4. To manage successfully.

5. To require.

6. A way of doing something.

7. To like better.

Lesson 5

Business at a supermarket

Part I

Supermarkets are large self-service shops. They are growing in popularity and an increasing number of people are buying their food and general merchandise from them.

Supermarkets are often owned by limited liability companies which have built them in the most thickly populated parts of a city. They have their own car parks, security guards and a large staff of workers.

The interior of a supermarket is always well lit to enhance the attractiveness of the goods on display. There are separate departments for goods such as toys, carpets, beverages, meat, vegetables, toiletries, electronic goods, and stationery. The articles for sale are well arranged on shelves, show-cases or display stands. Each department is controlled by a supervisor. She has several salespeople working under her supervision. All members of the sales staff are dressed in uniforms.

The control of shoppers entering and leaving a supermarket is very important. Entry gates and exits are well located to permit the smooth flow of people. Cashiers’ counters are built at the exits. Shoppers can easily pay for their purchases and leave with their wrapped goods.

Trolleys and shopping baskets are available for the convenience. The price of each article is marked to guide the shopper. She can choose her merchandise and put them into her trolley. Some goods are offered at Special Offer prices to promote their sale. Supermarkets are popular with customers as they can buy a variety of goods under one roof.