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  1. Work in small groups. Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences.

    The first smart materials were discovered d

    cobalt, iron, nickel, ferrite, terbium alloys, metglass.

    The name of this phenomenon is the Joule effect and the class of materials in which this effect occurs f

    is electrostriction.

    Some kinds of magnetostrictive materials are: c

    quartz, barium titanate, cadmium sulfide, lead zirconium titanate, piezoelectric polymers.

    The very important class of smart materials are piezoelectric materials, a

    in the 1840’s by James Prescott

    Joule, when he noticed that iron changed length in response to changes in magnetism.

    The opposite phenomenon to piezoelectricity b

    discovered in the 1880’s by Jacques and Pierre Curie through

    experiments with quartz.

    Some piezoelectric materials are: c

    is called the magnetostrictive

    materials.

  2. Fill in the gaps with the correct adjective from the list.

External, smart, inherent, environmental, mechanical, responsive

"Smart" materials respond to 1) ......... stimuli with particular changes in some variables. For that reason they are often also called 2) ......... materials. Depending on changes in some 3) ............. conditions, "smart" materials change either their properties (4) .............., electrical, appearance), their structure or composition, or their functions. Mostly, 5) "............." materials are embedded in systems whose 6) ................ properties can be favorably changed to meet performance needs.

  1. Form the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives. Then find the nouns to these adjectives from the text and make up the sentences using the phrases.

  1. Smart ..........

  2. Special ........

  3. Different ..........

  4. Wide ........

  5. Thick ..........

  6. Simple .....

  7. Effective .....

  1. Choose the correct answer.

  1. Smart materials may be easily classified/may easily classify in two basic ways.

  2. A material like diamond, with strong interatomic and intermolecular forces is not only one of harder material/the hardest materials in existence, but also has an extraordinarily high melting point.

  3. All material properties, whether intrinsic or extrinsic, smart or "dumb", fell/fall into one or more of five categories. 

  4. The mechanical properties determine what result will be produced/will produce, and to what degree, by the application of a specific load.

  5. Mechanical properties are described/describe by specific measures.

  6. Strain is the deformation measure/a deformation measure. 

  7. Iron and nickel are transitional metals involving both metallic and covalent bonds, and tend to be fewer/less ductile than other metals.

  8. Now the development of new materials with incredible properties is changing/changes the way we live. 

  9. Until recently, most technological developments have linked/have been linked to changes in the use of materials (the stone, bronze and iron ages).

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