18. Fill in the word derived from the word in bold.

The simplest form of computer animation involves drawing an object, then erasing and redrawing it in a different location. A somewhat more sophisticated approach can create motion in a scene by 1) ___________ (display) a series of pre-drawn images called sprites — for example, there could be a series of sprites showing a sword-wielding troll in different positions.

Since there are only a few intermediate images, the use of sprites doesn’t convey 2) ________ (true) lifelike motion. Modern animation uses a modern version of the traditional drawn 3) __________ (animate) technique. The drawings are “keyframes” that capture significant movements by the characters. The keyframes are later filled in with transitional frames in a process called tweening. Since it is possible to create algorithms that describe the optimal in-between frames, the advent of sufficiently powerful computers has made computer animation both possible and 4) __________ (desire). Today computer animation is used not only for cartoons but also for video games and movies. The most striking use of this technique is morphing, where the creation of plausible intermediate images between two strikingly different faces creates the illusion of one face being 5) ___________ (transform) into the other.

19. Choose the correct answer.

1. Ever since the first hand-drawn cartoon features entertained moviegoers in the 1930s, animation __________ an important part of the popular culture.

A have been B has been C been D is being

2. Computer animation __________ extensively in many feature films.

A using B used C is used D use

3. Some common uses for applets include animations of scientific or programming concepts for Web pages supporting class curricula and for games designed ___________ using Web browsers.

A to be played B to play C played D playing

4. The emphasis on state-of-the-art animation and graphics and multiplayer design __________ the way game development is done.

   A change

   B has changed

   C have changed

   D has been changed

5. Adobe’s founders realized that they could further exploit the knowledge of graphics rendition that they ___________ in developing their fonts.

A had gained B gained C are gained D will gain

20. Work in small groups. Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences.

	Computationally intensive physics models might portray a very realistic spray of water	a	including the more conventional realms of representational art and photography.
	The use of computer graphics algorithms make realistic lighting, shadow, and fog effects possible to a much greater degree	b	from many sources and apply a variety of transformations to them.
	By the 1980s, the development of personal computers made digital image manipulation available to a much wider group of people interested in artistic expression,	c	involves writing code for the detailed arrangement and control of graphics, animation, sound, and user interaction.
	Programs such as Adobe Photoshop blend art and photography, making it possible to combine images	d	using a high-end graphics workstation.
	Programming in a high level language such as C++	e	than their approximation in traditional media.