Cancer cells

The main difference between normal and cancer cell is one of the growth and differentiation: most cancer cells are in the their structure more like those of the young organism than those of the adult.

They generally grow and divide more rapidly and in a disorganized fashion, but normal cells only divide and grow until they come into contact with adjacent cell and then stop their growth. Researchers have tried to treat cancers by using drugs which inhibit the division of cells. The most rapidly dividing cancer cells will be affected by these drugs before the more slowly growing normal cells. The major problem in cancer research is concentrated on trying to find out the more delicate difference between cancer and normal cells. Researchers study the structure of the cell wall and try to determine why cancer cells do not recognize other cells. Another branch of research has been to study the internal mechanism of the cell, to find differences between the nuclei of cancerous and normal cells, because the nucleus is that part of the cell, which appears to regulate the growth and differentiation of all cells.

II. To learn the words:

Выучить слова:

1. cancer – рак, злокачественная опухоль

2. adjacent – примыкающий, смежный

3. to inhibit – задерживать, подавлять (рост)

4. delicate – деликатный, тонкий

5. nucleus – ядро клетки

6. nuclei – ядра клетки

7. differentiation – дифференциация

III. Find the equivalents in the text:

Найдите эквиваленты в тексте:

основное различие, нормальные клетки, раковые клетки, структура клетки, растут и делятся более быстро, войти в контакт, смежные клетки, тормозить деление клеток, более тонкие различия, внутренний механизм клетки, найти различия между ядрами раковой и нормальной клеток.

IV. Make up 10 general questions to the text.

Построить 10 общих вопросов к тексту.

Level III Task № 5

I. Read and translate the text «Robert Koch».

Прочитать и перевести текст «Роберт Кох».

Robert koch

Robert Koch was a prominent German bacteriologist, the founder of modern microbiology. He was born in 1843, died in 1910. Koch carried on many experiments on mice in a small laboratory. In 1882 Koch discovered tuberculosis bacilli. In his report made in the Berlin Physiological Society Koch described the morphology of tuberculosis bacilli and the ways to reveal them. His discovery made him known all over the world. In 1884 Koch published his book on cholera. He included all the investigations during the cholera epidemic in Egypt and India into this book. Koch isolated a small comma – shaped bacterium. He determined that these bacteria spread through drinking water. In 1905 Koch got the Nobel prize for his important scientific discoveries.

II. To learn the words:

Выучить слова:

1. to carry on – проводить

2. mice – мыши

3. bacillus – бацилла

4. bacilli – бациллы

5. to reveal – обнаружить

6. bacterium – бактерия

7. bacteria – бактерии

8. to spread – распространяться