Урок 4. Времена группы Perfect.

Mining Education in Great Britain

The Present Perfect Tense

(Настоящее совершенное время)

have/has + Past Participle (причастие прошедшего времени)

The Present Perfect Tense обозначает действие, которое завершилось к настоящему моменту или завершено в период настоящего времени (в этом году, на этой неделе).

We have bought a new TV set. Мы купили новый телевизор.

В вопросах have/has ставится перед подлежащим, в отрицательных предложениях not ставится после have/has.

Have you seen her today? – No, I haven’t seen her yet.

The Past Perfect Tense

(Прошедшее совершенное время)

Past Perfect употребляется для выражения действия, которое закончилось до какого-то момента времени в прошлом, а также действия, которое имело место ранее другого действия в прошлом.

had + Past Participle (причастие прошедшего времени)

I didn’t go to see the film last night because I had seen it before.—

Я не пошла вчера в кино, потому что я видела его раньше.

В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим:

□ Had he finished his work before they arrived?

В отрицательной форме отрицание not ставится после вспомогательного глагола:

□ Не had not (hadn't) finished his work before they arrived.

Mining Education in Great Britain (Part 1)

In Great Britain the students get mining education at special colleges and mining departments of universities.

For example, the Mining Department at the University of Nottingham is one of the foremost teaching and researching schools in Great Britain.

The aim of training at the University is to give the student an understanding of applied science based on lectures, tutorial system, laboratory work and design classes. The laboratory work trains the student in accurate recording of observations, drawing of logical conclusions and presentation of scientific reports.

At Nottingham there are two types of laboratories, general and specialized.

During the final two years of the course the student gets a comprehensive training in surveying. The students have practical work in survey camps during two weeks.

British educational system is fee-paying.

Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. Where can one get mining education in Great Britain?

2. Is the Mining Department at the University of Nottingham one of the foremost research mining schools in Great Britain?

3. Will the students have practical work in survey camps or in the laboratories?

Урок 5. Времена группы Perfect.

Mining Education in Great Britain

The Future Perfect Tense

Future Perfect употребляется для выражения действия, которое совершится до определенного момента в будущем.

shall/ will have + Past Participle (причастие прошедшего времени)

□ I will (shall) have finished my work by 5 o'clock. — Я закончу работу к 5 часам.

В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол будущего времени ставится перед подлежащим:

□ Will he have finished his work by 5 o'clock? — Он закончит работу к 5 часам?

В отрицательной форме отрицание not ставится после вспомогательного глагола будущего времени:

□ Не will not have finished his work by 5 o'clock. — Он не закончит работу к 5 часам.

Mining Education in Great Britain (Part 2)

At present in Great Britain there are universities and colleges which give instruction in mechanical engineering, mining, metallurgy, etc. these institutions provide full-time and part-time education. Technical colleges confer diplomas on college graduates.

A university graduate leaves with the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science.

The University in Cardiff is one of the largest in Wales. There is the Mining Engineering Department in the University of Wales. The Department deals with the extractive industries such as coal and metalliferous mining, quarrying and oil technology.

After graduating from the college a student can enter the University.

At the Mining Department students may take several courses such as geology, mining engineering, mine surveying, quarrying, management studies and other.

The courses are based on an intensive tutorial system. It means that students are allotted to members of teaching staff for individual tuition.

There is also the Department of Mining Engineering in the Newcastle University. The Department trains industrially experienced engineers through various advanced courses in rock mechanics and surface excavation.

At the University a student studies for three or four years.

Some students can live in colleges, halls of residence, or other accommodation provided by their university.

Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. Are there many technical institutions in Great Britain?

2. Is the Mining Engineering Department the only one in the University of Wales?

3. Does the Mining Engineering Department deal only with metalliferous mining?

4. Can a student enter the university after he has graduated from the college?

5. What courses are of special importance for mining engineers?

Урок 6. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

Mining Education in the USA

Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты

Модальные глаголы выражают не действия, а отношение говорящего к действиям или состояниям. В английском языке существуют следующие модальные глаголы: can, may, must и т.д.

Глагол can (мочь, уметь)

Present	Past	Future
can	could	will be able to

Глагол can выражает физическую или умственную способность совершения действия.

I can swim.

Глагол may(можно)

Present	Past	Future
may	might	will be allowed to

Глагол may имеет значение возможности совершения действия в зависимости от разрешения или вероятности его совершения.

May I come in?

Глагол must (должен)

Present	Past	Future
must	had to	will have to

Глагол must употребляется для выражения необходимости совершения действия, а также для выражения приказании или совета.

He must do this work.

Mining Education in the USA

In the USA the basic aim of technical higher education is the training of qualified specialists in a selected field of technology.

The students can get mining education at special colleges and at mining departments of universities. One of the oldest mining schools in the USA is the Colorado School of Mines.

The Colorado School of Mines is situated in the mineral-producing area of the Rocky Mountains. The area is rich in non-ferrous metals such as molybdenum, vanadium, zinc and other deposits

Students study earth sciences (geology, geochemistry, geophysics and other) and engineering. Field work is an important part of training. All students take part in a summer field course during their undergraduate programme.

The Department operates the experimental mine. It is large and well-equiped laboratory for teaching and research in mining operations.

During the course of training the students may visit surface and underground mines, oil fields, dressing plants and regions of geological interest.

The education is fee-paying.

Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the basic aim of technical higher education in the USA?

2. What is one of the oldest mining schools in the USA?

3. Where is The Colorado School of Mines situated?

4. What sciences do the mining engineering students study at the Colorado School of Mines?

5. Is the education fee-paying?