Mini test 10 (unit 10)

1. Translate the word combinations.

1. energy-conversion machine. 2. variety of piston-type internal combustion engines. 3. reciprocating piston internal combustion engine. 4. operate more flexibly. 5. engine weight. 6. moderately priced fuel-gasoline engine. 7. ongoing reassessment. 8. pollution-producing characteristics. 9. automotive power system. 10. economically feasible.

2. Find definitions to the words.

1. Energy-conversion system. 2. Stroke sycle. 3. Mass production. 4. Speed. 5. Range.

A. Swiftness; rapidity of movement. B. Manufacture of large numbers of identical articles by standardized processes. C. Series of regularly repeated movements of piston. D. Row, line or series of things, e.g. of energy-conversion systems. E. Device or system for conversion energy from forms provided by nature into those most useful to society.

3. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate word.

1. Heat engines … heat energy into mechanical energy. 2. Motor car engines … to the type of internal combustion engines. 3. Engines can … on two-stroke cycle. 4. Diesel engines … power by burning oil in a body of air. 5. A crankshaft and a connecting rod … the to-and-fro motion into rotary motion.

A. Produce. B. Belong. C. Change. D. Convert. E. Operate.

4. Match the synonyms.

1. Require. 2. Equipment. 3. Convert. 4. Velocity. 5. Rotate. 6. Suitable.

A. Tools. B. Change. C. Need. D. Speed. E. Right. F. Revolve.

5. Find the antonyms.

1. Independent. 2. Mobile. 3. Move. 4. To-and-fro motion. 5. Output.

A. Rotary motion. B. Input. C. Stationary. D. Dependent. E. Idle.

6. Name the component parts of an engine.

1. … – is the shaft that turns or is turned by a crank. 2. … is a heavy wheel revolving on a shaft to maintain a constant velocity. 3. … is a shaped chamber in an engine in which gas or steam works a piston. 4. … is a round plate or short cylinder fitting closely inside in cylinder in which it moves up and down or backwards or forwards. 5. … is an electric mechanism for igniting the air-fuel mixture.

7. Translate the 1st and the 3d paragraphs of the text. Additional texts. Engine operation

An automobile, powered by a petrol engine, begins to operate when the driver turns a flywheel connected to the engine crankshaft. As the crankshaft revolves, a mixture of fuel and air is drawn from a carburettor into the engine cylinders. The ignition system provides the electric sparks that ignite this mixture. The resultant explosions of the mixture turn the crankshaft, and the engine starts moving. By regulating the flow of the fuel and air with a throttle, the driver controls the rotational speed of the crankshaft.

Cooling, electrical ignition and lubrication systems are of great importance for the good performance of a car. The lights, radio and heater add to the flexibility, comfort, and convenience of the car. The indicating devices keep the driver informed as to engine temperature, oil pressure, amount of fuel, and battery charging rate.

Brakes are of drum and disk types. The steering system consists of a manually operated steering wheel, which is connected by a steering column to the steering gear from which linkages run to the front wheels. It is difficult to turn the steering wheel, and special hydraulic power mechanisms are used to lessen this effort. Suitable springs are used against shocks. There are leaf springs, coil springs, torsion bars and air suspensions.

AIR-COOLED ENGINES

All vehicle engines are air-cooled to some degree. Even in water-cooled engines heat is transmitted first from cylinder to water and afterwards, in the radiator, from water to air. This method of cooling is not difficult to accomplish, because the heat taken off the hot cylinder walls by large cooling surface of the radiator and so easy transmission of heat to air is made possible.

Reciprocating engines used in aircraft are almost entirely air-cooled. Aircraft engines cooled by air are manufactured today in sizes ranging from 50 to 3500 hp and they have superseded water-cooled engines. The principal advantages of air-cooled aircraft engines are low weight, and greater reliability in operation. Modern motor-cycles are also designed almost exclusively with air-cooled engines.

New designs of air-cooled vehicle engines are notable for their easy maintenance, reliability and economical operation.