Mini test 4 (Unit 4)

1. Translate word combinations given below.

1. self-propelled. 2. fixed route. 3. trailer body. 4. continuous floor panel. 5. accurate mating surface. 6. to accommodate more than 10 passengers. 7. low-back seats. 8. luggage compartments. 9. electronically controlled automatic transmission. 10. overhead luggage rack.

2. Fill in the gaps in the sentences.

1. A bus is a … road vehicle. 2. The bus was developed at the beginning of the … century to compete with street cars. 3. The bus was an … of the coach pulled by horses. 4. The city bus has two entrances on the … side. 5. In an … a trailer body is connected to the rear part of a conventional bus.

A. outgrowth. B. self-propelled. C. articulated bus. D. curb. E. last.

3. Match the synonyms.

1. Operate. 2. Rack. 3. City bus. 4. Increase. 5. Suburban bus.

A. Transit bus. B. Improvement. C. Intercity bus. D. Travel. E. Luggage shelf.

4. Match the antonyms.

1. Suburbs. 2. High-back seat. 3. Entrance. 4. Articulated bus. 5. Maximum.

A. Exit. B. Minimum. C. Conventional bus. D. Low-back seat. E. Downtown.

5. Name the component parts of the vehicle.

1. … is a device for reducing speed or stopping motion of the vehicle. 2. … is the frame together with the wheels of a vehicle. 3. … is the area at the front or back of a bus where people stand. 4. … is something you can sit on. 5. … is the part of a vehicle that takes power from the engine to the wheels.

6. Translate the 2^nd and the 3^d paragraphs of the text.

Unit 5.

1. Translate the words and learn them.

lorry	replace
truck	task
freight	straight lorry
wagon	articulated lorry
delivery	coupling
equip	classify
forward speed	perform
reverse speed	capable
belt drive	military
equipment	ratio

2. Read and translate the text. Lorries

A lorry, or truck, is a motor vehicle designed to carry freight or goods or to perform special services. The lorry was derived from horse-driven wagon technology and some of the pioneer manufacturers came from the wagon business. Because of their speed and flexibility, lorry carries a quater of the intercity freight. Lorries enjoy almost total monopoly in freight delivery.

In 1896 Gottlieb Daimler of Germany built the first motor lorry. It was equipped with a four-horsepower engine and a belt drive with two speeds forward and one in reverse. In 1896 the Winton Company of the United States produced a gasoline-powered wagon with a single-cylinder six-horse-power engine.

In World War I motor lorries were widely used, and in World War II they largely replaced horse-drawn equipment. A notable vehicle was the four wheel-drive, short-wheelbase jeep, capable of performing a variety of military tasks.

Lorries can be classified as either straight or articulated. A straight lorry is one in which all axles are attached to a single frame. An articulated vehicle is one that consists of two or more separate frames connected by suitable couplings.

Axle assemblies of heavy lorries may be made up of two or more axles, any of which may be powered. Normally, they are so spaced that the distance between axle centers is not more than one-half times the overall diameter of the wheel and tyre. If the axles are separated by a large distance, the assembly is called a spread tandem.

The ratio of lorries to the passenger cars in the world is increasing annually.

3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word or phrase.

1. Lorries are vehicles … . 2. are usually classified … . 3. The first motor lorry was … . 4. … enjoy in intercity freight delivery. 5. … were widely used in, and in … they … horse-drawn equipment.

4. Are the following statements true or false? Explain your answers.

1. A motor car designed to carry passengers is lorry. 2. Lorries were widely used in World Wars. 3. Lorries are classified according to the number of axles. 4. The manufacture of lorries is increasing every year. 5. The axles of heavy lorries are so spaced that the distances between axles centers is not more than one-half times the overall diameter of wheel and tyre.

5. Answer the following questions.

1. What type of vehicle is defined as lorry? What is it designed for? 2. What was the first motor lorry like? 3. How are lorries usually classified? 4. What is an articulated vehicle?