To be, to have, must

Exercise 1.

State in which meaning the modal verb or its equivalents are used. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. You must be a fool to think so.

2. The work must have been carried out in secret for quite a long time.

3. The question must be solved before we can do anything.

4. Whatever you decide, you mustn’t stop coming.

5. Mind, you mustn’t spend it all at once.

6. Sooner or later one has to choose.

7. They made such a noise that I had to send one of the boys to put an end to it.

8. I think you’ll have to take a taxi if you mean to catch that train.

9. Go right in. You are to report at once.

10. The jubilee is to be celebrated sometime this summer.

11. We were to spend a week-end with my aunt at Blackpool.

12. The day we were to start it rained worse than ever.

13. You’re not to tell mother about it.

14. And on no account are you to lay the table before twelve o’clock.

15. All right, do my hair like that, and if it doesn’t suit me, you’ll simply have to restyle it.

16. But she must have seen him!

17. Oh, Mae, think how she must be suffering!

18. Is she waiting? She must have been waiting for an hour.

19. “Oh, come now, Auntie!” he answered quite gently. “You mustn’t talk like that.”

20. And remember , you must come in and see the baby any time you can.

21. You’ll have to go home now, Georgie. Go straight home. And you’re not to come here any more. Do you understand me?

22. You’re not to ask for it directly you see her, wait a little.

Exercise 2.

Replace the infinitives in brackets by ‘must, have’ or ‘have got + Infinitive’ (give several variants where possible).

Model:

1. Sorry, I (to leave) you for some minutes. I hear the baby crying.

I must leave (or have to leave, or have got to leave) you for some minutes … .

2. She couldn’t attend. She was driving and (to watch) the road.

She had to watch the road.

3. If me miss this train, we (to wait) for over an hour.

We’ll have to wait for over an hour.

4. He said he (to see) you.

He said he must see (or had to see) you.

1. I’m afraid I (to go) now. I (to do) some shopping before school.

2. Will you please, hold the line a minute, darling? I (to change) the baby before I can speak to you.

3. If you go there in the morning, you (not to wait).

4. We could not come, Henry (to take) some out-of-town relations to the theatre.

5. He’s out. I’m afraid you (to come) another time.

6. I can’t help it. I simply (to see) him to-night. If he is engaged, I (to wait). That’s all.

7. There was only an old lady before us, so we (not to wait) long.

8. It was a small family affair, so we (not to change).

9. I (to tell) you it was not so simple after all. We (to tell) him all the details.

10. There’s not a single room to be got at any of the hotels. I’m afraid we (to stay) at mother’s.

11. He said he (to go) out and would come in after lunch.

Exercise 3.

Replace the infinitives in brackets by ‘must, have + Infinitive’ if the action is only necessary; by ‘be + Infinitive’ if it is expected.

Note:

If you say: I must do it, you mean it is necessary;

If you say: I am to do it, you mean somebody expects it, has arranged it so.

1. This is Dora. She (to share) your room.

2. And who (to do) the cooking?

3. Who (to meet) you there?

4. My feet are wet. I (to change) my stockings.

5. He is getting rather troublesome. Yesterday I (to speak) to him twice about washing his hands.

6. I’m afraid you (to go) there alone, darling. I’ve such a headache!

7. When the lecture (to begin)?

8. Two more apartment houses (to be built) here.

9. The cup final (to be played) that afternoon and, of course, I simply (to go), examination or no examination.

10. Well, I not (to stay) behind after all. Mother will come and look after the children.

Exercise 4.

Fill in the blanks with ‘must’, ‘have to’ or ‘be to’ to suit the motives expressed in the following sentences.

1. “It is eight o’clock. The children … go to bed,” Mr. Hudson said to the nurse.

2. She … go to bed at eight o’clock to be up in time for the first train.

3. At this boarding school the children … go to bed at eight o’clock.

4. “I’ve told my husband he … (not) smoke in the drawing-room.” “And I … (not) tell my husband such things; he’s a born gentleman.”

5. He … stay the night with us. I won’t let him drive to the country in this rain.

6. He … stay the night with us because he has missed the last bus.

7. He … stay the night with us and tomorrow he sets off on his tour to Europe.

8. We … begin as early as possible or we shan’t finish it today.

9. I … start on my new job on Monday.

10. You … take the dog away. I won’t have it here any longer.

11. They … take the dog along with them because there is no one who could look after it.

12. She … learn to do things for herself. I refuse to help her in future.

13. What a pity you … go. I know it’s time for you to catch your train.

14. I … be off. I want to go to bed.

15. You … do your chores now, and she … do hers when she comes in.

16. My mother says that I … (not) be out after eleven o’clock, but I … (not) hurry home because she herself is out playing bridge.

17. My bike is under repair and I … walk here this morning.

18. My bike was under repair and I … collect it that afternoon.

19. My bike is under repair and I … have collected it yesterday.

20. He told me that I … (not) repeat what I had heard.

21. He told me that I … (not) use words which I didn’t know.

22. He told me that I … learn by heart some twenty lines every day to know English well.

Exercise 5.

Paraphrase the following sentences, using ‘must, have +Infinitive’ or ‘be + Infinitive’.

Model:

1) The lecture is supposed to begin at eight.

The lecture is to begin at eight.

2) I expect her to come and help.

She is to come and help.

3) It was planned that we should wait for them in the camp.

We were to wait for them in the camp.

4) It was arranged that he should meet her at the station.

He was to meet her at the station.

But: It is necessary that you should do it.

You must do (or have to do) it.

1. What am I supposed to do if they come too early?

2. Is it necessary for me to stay?

3. It has been arranged that the youngest children should play on the beach.

4. We expect you to show the place to her.

5. It was necessary that somebody should be there to receive them.

6. It will be necessary for someone to explain it to her.

7. It is necessary that I should leave tomorrow at the latest.

8. I am expected to leave tomorrow at the latest.

9. Where am I supposed to be taken?

10. Where is it necessary to take her?

Exercise 6.

In which of the following sentences is it impossible to use ‘must’ or ‘have’ instead of ‘be’?

1. I’m afraid we are to have a long and difficult climb.

2. We were to take the children to the station and start them on their way.

3. Who is to be the first to answer?

4. We wondered who was to live in the house we were building.

5. The ship was to dock on Wednesday.

6. She was to go downtown in her car and pick up the parcels.

7. You are to say nothing unless somebody speaks to you.

8. We are not to leave the camp before six.

9. The girl who was to play such a big part in my life was then a long-legged school girl of twelve.

10. We did not know then that a day was to come when we would be glad to have any roof over our heads.

Exercise 7.

Translate into English.

1. Этой девушке суждено было стать моей матерью.

2. Я должна была передать ему часы его отца. Но он так и не пришел.

3. Конечно, он должен стать музыкантом. Это было решено еще до его рождения.

4. Вам придется написать ему еще раз.

5. Им пришлось долго ждать автобуса.

6. Мне не нужно будет сдавать этот экзамен.

7. Мне не надо было поливать цветы, потому что ночью прошел дождь и земля была еще мокрая.

8. Тебе придется взять пальто.

9. Я должен был отвезти брату его вещи. Так мы договорились, когда он уходил.

10. Было уже поздно, и нам пришлось поехать на метро.

11. Подожди немного. Я должна дочитать главу до конца.

12. Мне пришлось оставить все и поехать в больницу.

13. Вам придется зайти попозже. Ее еще нет.

14. Если ты должна встретить маму с шестичасовым поездом, то тебе надо спешить.

15. Я хорошо отдохнула в воскресенье. Так как сочинение мое было уже готово, мне не надо было этим заниматься.

16. Когда он должен приехать? Мы договорились встретиться в восемь.

17. В семье все было уже решено заранее. Я должна была поступить в медицинский институт. Но я хотела заниматься только языками.

18. Врачом он не стал. Война началась в тот год, когда он должен был поступить в институт.

Exercise 8.

Translate into English using ‘to have (to), to be (to)’ or ‘must’.

1. Вы должны приготовить эту работу к четвергу.

2. Я должен был приготовить эту работу к четвергу. (Два варианта)

3. Вы не должны прекращать работу, пока не закончите ее. Завтра уже четверг.

4. Мне пришлось приготовить эту работу к четвергу.

5. Мне придется приготовить эту работу к четвергу.

6. Ему придется приходится готовить эту работу сегодня, так как все эти дни он был занят.

7. Вам не придется готовить эту работу.

8. Мне не нужно было готовить эту работу.

9. Так как он приготовил все это заранее, ему не нужно делать этого теперь.

10. Если бы он не приготовил все заранее, ему нужно было бы сделать это теперь.

11. Если бы мы приготовили все заранее, нам не пришлось бы делать это теперь.

12. Выбора не было, и ему пришлось согласиться.

13. Мне было поручено сделать подробный доклад по этому вопросу, и для этого я должен был просмотреть много литературы.

14. Я должен был ходить в библиотеку почти каждый день: оставалось всего несколько дней, до того как мне нужно было сдать доклад, а я еще не написал и половины.

15. Мне придется посидеть эти дни дома. Врач говорит, я не должен никуда выходить, пока температура не будет нормальной.

16. Посидите здесь, пока он занят. Я думаю, вам не придется долго ждать.

Shall