Revision exercises (shall, should, will, would)

Exercise 1.

Compare the meaning and use of the modal verbs ‘shall’ and ‘will’.

1. I beseech you to let me bring him here. We can make him comfortable. Perhaps we can save him. He shall be no trouble to you. I will do everything. (S.M.)

2. But it’s not only because he’s genious that I ask you to let me bring him here; it’s because he is a human being, and he is ill and poor. –I will never have him in my house – never … .If he comes here I shall go! (S.M.)

3. You are my wife, you are dearer to me than anyone in the world. No one shall come here without your entire consent. (S.M.)

4. Go to bed, my precious. I will walk a few steps with our friend, and then I will come back. (S.M.)

5. “Shall I get rid of Strickland for you?” I asked. He gave a little start, and his shinning face grew very red. (S.M.)

6. When they came to the door of the inn, he stopped. “Will you go in? I wish to take a walk by myself,” he said. (S.M.)

7. “Now go down and wait for me at the door,” said Arthur, “I will follow you immediately.” (S.M.)

8. The fat man led her to the door. “No,” she said. “I won’t go outside. I won’t sit down. I’ll just stand here, thank you.” (Mansf.)

9. “Saved,” cried Alonso. “You shall play Dorotea with me tomorrow and I will play Don Ferdinand.” (S.M.)

10. “It’s my pleasure. Let it be enough for you to know that such is my desire.” –“It shall be as you will, madam. The boy shall be taken on the night of the day on which brother leaves the city.” (S.M.)

Exercise 2.

Insert the modal verbs ‘shall’ or ‘will’.

1. You … find me as stubborn as you can be artful. (Aust.)

2. You never need see him again. If you are afraid, you … be hidden from him, and lawyers … arrange everything between you. (S.M.)

3. “No, sir.” she replied with firmness, “I … not stay here.” (Aust.)

4. If Edward does marry this young woman, I never … see him again. (Aust.)

5. It’s Doctor Llewellyn on the phone. What … I tell him, darling? (Cr.)

6. … you come in, Mr. Owen? Please. (Cr.)

7. Who is this chap Trollope anyway? … you teach me, darling? (Cr.)

8. Please, sit down! … you have a cup of tea, or a glass of hot milk? (Cr.)

9. What a lovely waltz they’re playing. … we dance? (L.Course)

10. Sit still for a minute or two, and you … tell us what you want to when you are a little rested. (S.M.)

11. Then I … say the words and you … say them after me. (S.M.)

Exercise 3

Fill in the blanks with “shall” or “will” in the correct form

1. “No harm to… be done to your child. I … see to it,” the doctor tried to soothe mother.

2. If you … not take any steps, you … never get rid of the malady.

3. May I go on with the work or …. I wait for further instructions?

4. He … sit for hours reading, paying no attention to what was going on around him.

5. … I help you with the work or will you manage it yourself?

6. Don`t worry, everything … be arranged as you want, I promise you.

7. We tried to persuade him, but he… not listen to our arguments.

8. We waited for two hours, but the rain … not stop.

9. I wish to ask a few questions, and shall be very much obliged if you … answer them.

10. But remember this: what I can`t have, no one else … .Do you understand? No one else!

11. Trench. I`ve got a good mind never to speak to you again.

Blanche. You … not – not ever. I … take care of that. (B.SH.)

12. He … always say something which makes us laugh.

13. He put the money in his pocket, and kindly told me not to make myself uneasy; he … take care, it .. be all right. (Ch.D.)

Exercise 4.

Compare the meaning and the use of the modal verbs ‘should’ and ‘would’.

1. “Strickland can’t work with anyone else in the studio.” –“Damn it all, it’s your studio”

2. “Would you mind telling me at what college you were,” said Arthur. (S.M.)

3. Then we would speak of this publisher and of that, comparing the generosity of one with the meanness of another, … (S.M.)

4. “I’ll give you a lesson if you like,” said Driffield in his good-humoured way. “Come on!” “Oh no,” I said. “I wouldn’t dream of it.” (S.M.)

5. She did not seem nearly as perturbed as she should have been, I thought. (A.Chr.)

6. He had promised for the twentieth time that if their marriage were not a success, she should be as free as if she had never married him! (Galsw.)

7. He was going to get the company to run excursion trains. He didn’t see why it shouldn’t become another Margate. And why shouldn’t they have a mayor? Ferne Bay had one. (S.M.)

8. When called to shoulder our country’s burdens, we should do it with a glancing eye and a leaping heart. (Arden)

9. The man was her enemy. She should not have depended upon Bert. (I.Sh.)

10. “How much time do you have?” he asked. “I mean when do you have to be back home?” –“I should be there now.” (I.Sh.)

Exercise 5.

Insert ‘should’ or ‘would’.

1. I wanted her to stay at home and rest this morning, but she … come with us; she longed so much to see you all. (Aust.)

2. A person who has once been guilty of a dishonest and dishonourable action may be guilty of it a second time, and …be shunned. (O.W.)

3. Arthur plunged into the wood. He … not leave them time to breath. (S.M.)

4. We … look for knowledge where we may find it, and why … a man be despised who goes in search of it? (S.M.)

5. I beg your pardon, Jenny. I didn’t mean to say that. I … have remembered you were fond of him! (S.M.)

6. I fail to see how or why you … be a millstone round his neck. (Banks)

7. Margot said hastily, “I’m sorry. Perhaps I … not have asked.” –“No, no! I was just remembering suddenly. Anyway it is over now. But I will tell you if you wish,” (O’Hara)

8. In the evenings he … read to her (and to Charlotte) until nine o’clock, and then he … stay one step behind her as they mounted the stairs. (O’Hara)

9. I’d like you to have a look at my car. … you try and find out what’s wrong? (O’Hara)

10. Charlotte …have been –but was not grateful to Ben. (O’Hara)

Exercise 6.

State the meaning of the modal verbs ‘shall, should, will, would’ in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Duchesse: “Well, Mr. Harvey, are you still enjoying your life in London?” Clay: “He should be. I’ve got his invitations to all the nicest parties. But he will waste his time on sightseeing.” (S.M.)

2. Constance, I will be perfectly frank with you. (S.M.)

3. He should have retired ten years ago while he still had possession of his abilities. (O’Hara)

4. Use those words again, and I will leave the room this moment. (Aust.)

5. I think I should make that clear because you seem to be working up to a renewal of your proposal. (Arden)

6. I will go to her presently, for I am sure she will not have the least objection in the world to seeing you. (Aust.)

7. They shall no longer worry others, nor torture myself. I shall live solely for my family. (Aust.)

8. “When the weather is settled, and I have recovered my strength,” said she, “we will take long walks together every day. We will walk to the farm at the edge of the down, and see how the children go on.” (Aust.)

9. “Is it really you?” he ejaculated. — “Of course it is. Why shouldn’t it be?” — “Why shouldn’t it be? Say, man, don’t you know you’ve been given up for dead?” (A.Chr.)

10. “Fascinating.” said the woman. “I know I’d love to hear about it some time, but I suppose I never will.” — “No, I don’t guess you ever will,” said Ira. (O’Hara)

11. “I’ve always wanted to see the world,” he smiled. – “And you shall, my sweet,” said Catalina. “And you shall be a great actress.” (S.M.)

Exercise 7.

Fill in the blanks with the verbs ‘will, shall, would, should’ in the positive or negative form.

1. You … have the book next week.

2. I … listen to such foolish talk.

3. Mary, … you marry me? –Yes, I … .

4. … I tell our friends about our engagement?

5. I’m feeling cold, … you close the window, David?

6. … you have this cake, Mary?

7. … you go to the cinema with me tomorrow afternoon, Mary?

8. Are you going to the theatre this week, David? –Yes, I am. … you come with me?

9. You’ve got a bad cough, David. –Yes, I often get coughs in the spring. –What can you expect? You … go out without an overcoat, however cold the weather is.

10. Oh, David, make your dog stop barking, please. – Quiet, Trixie! Be quiet! She … obey me. –Then take her out, please.

11. Can you lend me ten shillings? –Yes, David. Here you are. –Thank you, Marry. You … have it back tomorrow. –I …remind you about it, if you forget.

12. What are you doing on Sunday after breakfast? –Oh, I … be taking the dog for a walk. — … you take me with you, too?

Exercise 8.

Complete the following sentences using the modal verbs ‘shall, should, will (would)’.

1. On fine evenings they … .

2. It is stuffy in the room … .

3. Your suitcase is too heavy … .

4. Your boy is teasing the other children …

5. I am not at a loss … .

6. “Oh, no” she replied with firmness, “… .”

7. If you disobey … .

8. The child has broken the cup … .

9. When my friends came to see me … .

10. I’ve left my umbrella at home and got wet to the bone … .

Exercise 9.

Translate the sentences into English using ‘shall, should, will, would’ in the positive or negative form.

1. Вы получите ваш заказ завтра, не сомневайтесь.

2. Я ни за что не поменяю свою профессию.

3. Я прошу ее не курить, а она все равно продолжает курить.

4. Я бывало поздно ложился и поздно вставал.

5. Зажечь свет? В комнате становится темно.

6. Она пожалеет об этом, я уверен.

7. Он обычно прогуливал собаку перед сном.

8. Ребенок плохо себя ведет. Он будет наказан.

9. Вы не покинете комнату, пока я вам не разрешу.

10. Что бы ты делал, если бы меня не было рядом?

11. С какой стати мне обманывать тебя?

12. Не хотите ли вы снять пальто?

Exercise 10.

Translate the following sentences using ‘shall, will, should or would’.

1. Вы этого не сделаете. Запомните это!

2. Магазин, должно быть, еще открыт. Если вы поторопитесь, вы успеете купить хлеб.

3. Он сказал, что ему придется уехать через несколько дней, но мы и слушать не хотели.

4. Бесполезно доказывать ему, что вы правы; его никогда нельзя убедить. Он очень упрямый.

5. Но это ни в коей мере не касается его. Незачем было ему вмешиваться (с какой стати было ему вмешиваться).

6. Сейчас, должно быть, довольно поздно.

7. Вы ответите за ваши действия.

8. Вам придется держать экзамен еще раз. Вам надо обратить больше внимания на синтаксис.

9. Вам бы следовало предупредить нас (дать нам знать), что вы не придете. Мы бы не ждали вас.

10. Зря (напрасно) вы не прочитали «Мертвые души», перед тем как пойти в театр. Вы бы получили двойное удовольствие от спектакля. Вы бы почувствовали стиль и дух произведения.

11. Я лег и пытался заснуть, но сон не шел.

12. Вы бы только видели ее лицо, когда она услышала эту новость.

13. Какое упражнение мне читать раньше, на двадцатой странице или на двадцать второй? – Можете начать с любого.

14. Вы прекрасно знали. что это бесполезно, и все же это делали.

Exercise 11.

Read the dialogues given below. Make your own dialogues after this pattern.

1. – Why! You are still fumbling with the key!

- The door will not unlock, try as I might.

2. – What do you say to stretching our legs a little and taking a walk before dinner?

- No such luck. The weather won’t clear up.

3. – I will not stay here any longer. I am sick and tired of sitting in the corridor. Rain or no rain, I am off.

- Yes, really, it’s no use waiting any longer. The rain won’t stop.

4. – Throw the window open and let in some fresh air.

   • Can’t. The window wouldn’t open.

5. – Pull on those boots. You’ll feel comfortable in them.

   • But they wouldn’t pull on.

Exercise 12.

Read the following two-line dialogues. Define the meaning of ‘shall’. Compose dialogues of the same type. Lend emphasis to each statement as done below.

1. – She shall pay for it, she shall!

• No doubt about it.

2. – The child shall be punished for this, it shall!

- I won’t allow it!

3. - You shall develop complications, you shall!

• I’ll take care not to.

Exercise 13.

Read the following dialogues and comment on the meaning of the modal verbs ‘shall, should, will (would)’. Pattern your own dialogues after them.

1. – Yes, Dad, would you hold this shelf steady, so that I can hit it a really good hard bang?

• Right, I’ve got it.

• Well, that’s finished. How does it look?

• It should be all right.

2. – Well, Harry, don’t you remember that today’s the anniversary of our wedding day?

• Good heavens, so it is!

• And you promised we should always keep it.

• So I did!

• You know, Harry, there’s a dance this evening at the Town Hall.

• So there is!

• So do you still think you’ll go round to the club?

• No, somehow I don’t think I will.

3. – I think I shall do a bit of gardening. Will you help me, Nora?

• Of course, I will. Shall I put on my gardening boots?

• Yes, do – and so will I.

4. – O, Harry, — will you, please, paint the roof of the shed? That really does make the garden look untidy.

• It shall be painted! – but not till next weekend.

• And you shall have a glass of beer, when the tree is dug up. I’ll bring it out to you.

• That’ll be very nice – I shall certainly be ready for it.

5. – Oh, Nora, here’s a letter from old Bartle. He wants to come and stay for a week from Friday.

• That will be nice, won’t it? He’s such a nice old dear.

• He is a fussy old nuisance.

• Now which room can he leave? Oh, yes, he shall sleep in Robert’s room, and Robert shall share with Peter. Peter, you will let Robert sleep in your room just for a few nights, won’t you?

• Oh, Mother, I don’t want to share with Robert! He won’t like it either.

• Just while Mr. Bartle is here, you shall have your room to yourself as soon as he goes.

• And shall he have his breakfast in bed very day?

• I suppose I must do that for him. (Door bell) Will you see who that is at the door, Peter?

• Yes, Mother, I will.

6. – Harry, could you turn out your workroom? I’ve been meaning to ask you for days.

• Yes, I will.

7. – Harry, do you know that three people in the family have birthdays next month. We must think of presents for them …

• Oh, Peter’s easy. We can give him a football.

• But hasn’t he already got one?

• Yes. But it’s worn out. Besides, it’s a very small one, and he is old enough now to want a full-sized one.

• Good; then he shall have a football.

• Hasn’t my Aunt Dorothy got a birthday next month too!

• Yes, …I thought we might give her some green hand towels.

• Why green ones? Does it matter what colour they are?

• Yes, haven’t you noticed? At her house she always has green hand towels.

• If that’s what she wants then she shall have some that are as green as grass!

(From “Meet the Parkers”)

Need

Necessity

You needn’t be worried.

Need I change for dinner?

You needn’t have done it.

Exercise 1.

Translate the following sentences with the modal verb ‘need’ denoting absence of necessity or that something, that has been done, was unnecessary.

1. “Oh, I needn’t go down!” explained Hammond. “I’ll just ring and give the order … you don’t want to send me away, do you?” (Mansf.)

2. “But you’d better ask your uncle if you can come.” “I needn’t do that.” (S.M.)

3. We needn’t talk. (Law.)

4. Siegmund looked at her intently. He was thinking of her left alone amongst strangers. “Need we go – need we leave this place of friends?” he said, as if ironically. (Law.)

5. “Don’t you feel well, dear?” “You needn’t make any effort. What is Charles for?” (Mansf.)

6. Well, my dear fellow, you need not eat as if you were going to eat it all. (O.W.)

7. I am sure I need not remind you that anything in the least abnormal should be investigated. (Went.)

8. You needn’t speak if you do not want to, but you will be very foolish indeed if you refuse. (Went.)

9. I needn’t have deluded myself. It isn’t the Aberlaw hospital. It’s Llewellyn’s hospital. (Cr.)

10. … she thought he would give that little laugh of his and tell her that she need not come. (S.M.)

11. I have my reasons, but we needn’t go into them. (Galsw.)

Exercise 2.

Analyse the meaning of the verb ‘need’. State whether the verb ‘need’ is a modal verb or a notional verb.

1. You may keep the money I’ve given you, I don’t need it yet.

2. Must I go there immediately? – No you needn’t. Wait till I ring you up.

3. Need you bother about such trifles?

4. Do you need my help?

5. You needn’t have gone into so many details. The report was too long.

6. Mr. Maugham is very discreet, Louisa: you needn’t be afraid of telling him anything. (W.M.)

7. “All is agreed and understood between us now, Trot,” said my aunt, “and we need talk of this no more.” (Ch.D.)

8. Sartorius. Need you be so inflexible, Blanche? (B.Sh.)

9. Pickering. Does it occur to you, Higgins, that the girl has some feelings? Higgins. Oh, no I don’t think so. Not any feelings that we need bother about. (B.Sh.)

10. Why need my name have been dragged in? (D.H.L.)

Exercise 3.

State whether the verb ‘need’ is a modal verb or a notional verb.

1. “Love is not like painting,” added Mrs. Matisse quietly. “You don’t need years of study and training, of experimentation and failure in order to achieve success.” (Stone)

2. You needn’t worry. I shall be very much on my guard. I can assure you. (A.Chr.)

3. “I need some help, Ambassador,” said John. “I want to rent or buy the largest white horse in Paris. I also need a supply of rock salt and bacon rind.” (Stone)

4. Now listen, Constance, I want to tell you at once you needn’t distress yourself about me and John. (S.M.)

5. And you needn’t bother about Jack –all he really wants is what he calls a quiet life. (Went.)

6. I think you need the change, darling. I am just trying to think what is best for you. (Went.)

7. My dear, you needn’t be so nervous. You will always be as pretty as possible. (O.W.)

8. I needed something stronger than aspirin. (A. Chr.)

9. You needn’t have anything to do with me, my good boy. You’ve got money of your own. (S.M.)

10. … and Judith – well, she’s got her work, she doesn’t need me. (A.Chr.)

11. She needs you, father, and you need her. We all need each other. (Bern)

12. I needed particularly to know his name and I was in a hurry. (D. Fr.)

13. The horse needs to be in a stable. (D. Fr.)

Exercise 4.

Explain the meaning of ‘need’ in the following sentences and translate them into Russian.

1. “Why don’t you go and look at the snake?” her mother suggested. “You needn’t go up close.”

2. It’s not easy to hold responsibility. I needn’t tell you that.

3. Angela opened the door and walked in. Her daughter was still up. “You needn’t have stayed up, waiting for me,” said Angela.

4. If you don’t like the cocktail, you needn’t drink it.

5. “Do you remember what you did when you were twenty-five?” “You need not have reminded me of it.”

6. Need we insist upon the date?

7. You needn’t worry.

8. Need you bring your girl-friend with you?

9. She said that if he didn’t like to come to her parties he needn’t come at all.

10. I was rather afraid that he might act as though we were intimate friends, which would have been embarrassing. But I need not have worried.

11. Does he need to study more at home?

Exercise 5.

State the meaning of the verb ‘need’ in the following sentences.

1. “Is that correct, Mr. Harrison?” He said, “Oh, quite.” “Then we needn’t trouble you any further.” (Went.)

2. “Is that all?” she cried, smiling. “It’s a very proper proceeding for young things, but surely you need not look so serious over it.” (S.M.)

3. You needn’t be so hard on him now he’s down. He’s no worse than plenty more. (S.M.)

4. I know when I’m not wanted, and you needn’t trouble to show me out because I know my way and I shan’t steal the umbrellas. (S.M.)

5. You needn’t be afraid that Gerald won’t be my heir. I needn’t tell you I have no intention of marrying. (O.W.)

6. He said I needn’t sign it if I didn’t want to. (Went.)

7. You need not insist that my hair is greyer than when last you saw me, and my wrinkles more apparent. (S.M.)

8. And you needn’t act upon his advice if you don’t like it. (A.Chr.)

9. You needn’t come in with me, if you don’t want to. (Cr.)

10. “You needn’t tell me you’re shy,” she smiled. “All Putney knows you’re shy.” (Ben.)

Exercise 6.

Answer the following questions. Remember that in answer to questions with ‘need (must) you (I, we, ect.)’, ‘needn’t’ is used with “no”, but ‘must’ is used with “yes”.

Model:

1. Need I drink all the milk?

Yes, you must. Milk is very nourishing.

No, you needn’t, if you don’t want to.

2. Must we answer all these questions?

Yes, of course, you must!

No, you needn’t. You can do the second part of the

exercise tomorrow.

1. Must we translate the whole article into Russian?

2. Need we have the window open in this cold weather?

3. Need we come early?

4. Must we book the tickets beforehand?

5. Need I comment on this article at all?

6. Must they work so late every evening?

7. Must we do all the exercises to this text?

8. Need we have a telephone in the hall?

9. Need I act upon your advice?

10. Must we send them a telegramme?

11. Need we worry about it now?

12. Must we give the answer at once?

13. Must we ring him up?

Exercise 7.

Recast the sentences using ‘needn’t’.

Model:

It isn’t necessary to remind him of the date.

You needn’t remind him of the date.

1. It’s no use to argue about that.

2. It’s useless to take umbrellas. The weather is fine.

3. It isn’t necessary to polish your shoes just now.

4. It isn’t necessary for you to answer the question.

5. It’s useless to discuss the problem with a clerk.

6. There is no need for you to return me the article.

7. There is no need for us to stay late at the lab.

Exercise 8.

Change the meaning of the following sentences. Use the verbs ‘need’ and ‘have’ to show that the actions are not necessary. Give two variants in each case.

Model:

I really must speak to her about it.

I needn’t speak to her about it.

I don’t have to speak to her about it.

1. She must work so hard to improve her speech habits.

2. I must go there very day.

3. They have to write dictations three times a week.

4. They must walk from the station.

5. The children must wear their skiing outfits.

6. We must do all the exercises in written form.

Exercise 9.

Choose the correct form.

1. You mustn’t /don’t have to park near a zebra crossing.

2. We mustn’t / don’t have to hurry, we’ve got plenty of time.

3. One mustn’t / needn’t drive without a seat belt.

4. You mustn’t / needn’t tell Dan about the letter. I’ve already told him.

5. I mustn’t / don’t have to write them letters. We often meet.

6. You don’t have to / mustn’t work such long hours. You won’t earn more.

7. Whatever you do you mustn’t / don’t have to touch this switch. It’s dangerous.

8. You mustn’t / needn’t carry your suitcases by yourself, there are porters at the railway station.

9. We mustn’t / needn’t call her. She is coming tomorrow.

10. I promised I’d be on time. I mustn’t / don’t have to be late.

Exercise 10.

Refer the following sentences to the past. Change the context if necessary.

Model:

You needn’t wait for me, I may come very late.

You needn’t have waited for me, I told you I might come very late.

1. You needn’t hurry, the train leaves at ten fifteen, and now it’s only half past nine.

2. Mother needn’t worry about Pete, he is a sensible boy and won’t get into trouble.

3. You needn’t tell me about the accident, I don’t’ like such stories.

4. You needn’t lock the door. I shall come early and our neigbour will be at home.

5. You needn’t walk there, it will take you more than an hour. You can take a taxi.

6. You needn’t worry on my account. I’m as fit as a fiddle.

7. You needn’t wait dinner for me. I’ll forage for myself to-day.

8. Mary needn’t subscribe to this magazine. I’ve taken it in already.

9. You needn’t speak about it if you don’t want to.

10. You needn’t wait any longer.

Exercise 11.

Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use ‘need’.

Model:

1) It is not necessary to copy the composition. I can read it as it is.

You needn’t copy the composition … .

2) It was quite unnecessary to rush there in that weather. They would have managed perfectly well by themselves.

You needn’t have rushed there in that weather…

1. There was no necessity whatever for her to do it herself.

2. There’s no earthly reason to worry. She’s as strong as a horse.

3. There is no need for any of you to be present.

4. Is it any use our going into all that now?

5. It’s no use your talking to him now. His mind is made up.

6. Why did you mention all these figures? The situation was clear as it was.

7. Why do you want to press the skirt? It’s not creased at all.

8. Why do you want to do it all to-day?

9. It was not necessary for mother to cook this enormous dinner. We have brought all the food the children may want.

10. It is not necessary to take the six thirty. A later train will do as well.

11. It wasn’t necessary for the students to stay after classes.

12. It wasn’t necessary to go to the office yesterday.

13. There was no need for him to go to the library.

14. There was no need to send her a telegram.

Exercise 12.

Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the Infinitive.

1. You needn’t (to get up) so early. I can cook my breakfast myself.

2. We needn’t (to wait) for them for two hours, they did not seem very eager to join us in our trip.

3. Nick needn’t (to read) this novel, if he doesn’t like it.

4. You needn’t (to worry) on my account, I told you I could come home late.

5. You needn’t (to answer) the question, if you don’t know what to say.

6. I was afraid that he had lost my book, but he brought it yesterday, so I needn’t (to worry).

Exercise 13.

Combine the modal verb ‘need’ with the appropriate form of the infinitive in brackets.

1. “Oh, well,” said Frankie, turning it over in her hand. “I don’t see that you need (to worry). It wasn’t important. (A.Chr.)”

2. It’s the only thing to do, my dear, and as far as I’m concerned you needn’t (to worry). (S.M.)

3. “Darling, I’m quite intelligent enough to know you’re no fool! ”—“You needn’t (to call) me darling.” (S.M.)

4. You needn’t (to take) his advice. (Hornby)

5. Tell the typist she needn’t (to come). (Hornby)

6. He didn’t give satisfaction and they said they needn’t (to come) again. (S.M.)

7. “You needn’t (to worry) about that,” said Flora. (A.Chr.)

8. Shocked? Well, I suppose one needn’t (to be shocked) by what one wouldn’t do oneself. (Galsw.)

9. …I don’t need (to ask). It’s written all over you.

Exercise 14.

Paraphrase the following using the modal verb ‘need’.

1. I see no reason why we should argue.

2. It was not necessary for her to carry the bags all by herself: there were porters at the station.

3. Is it so very necessary that you should go there at all?

4. There is no use worrying about her; she is quite able to take care of herself.

5. What’s the use of reproaching yourself?

6. I don’t think there is any need to bother them.

7. It was quite unnecessary for you to do the work instead of him.

Exercise 15.

Complete the following sentences.

1. You needn’t trouble … .

2. You needn’t have stayed out so long … .

3. You needn’t speak … .

4. I needn’t do that … .

5. You needn’t be afraid that … .

6. I needn’t tell you … .

7. I wish we needn’t … .

8. You needn’t have waited … .

9. You needn’t worry … .

10. You needn’t be in so much a hurry to … .

11. You needn’t have been worrying about me … .

12. You needn’t be nervous … .

13. You needn’t bother about Jack … .

14. You needn’t wait … .

15. You needn’t reproach me … .

16. You needn’t deny … .

Exercise 16.

Complete the following sentences using the modal verb ‘need’.

1. The report was too long, you … .

2. You have a lot of time left before you leave, you … .

3. You’ll have to wait … .

4. I can hear you perfectly well, you … .

5. I saw them some time ago, you … .

6. The weather is fine, we … .

7. The weather was fine yesterday, you … .

8. He is upset, you … .

9. If you don’t want you … .

10. It’s warm today, you … .

11. Your suitcases are not heavy, you … .

12. She’ll be all right, we … .

13. She’ll come in time, they …

Exercise 17.

Make up short dialogues with the following statements. Use the modal verb ‘must’ in your questions.

1. You needn’t sign this if you don’t want to.

2. You needn’t call on him. You may ring him up.

3. You needn’t act upon his advice, if you don’t like it.

4. You needn’t go with me if you don’t want to.

5. You needn’t wait. Remember, that your friends are expecting you.

6. You needn’t, of course.

7. You needn’t bother.

8. No, we needn’t. We have plenty of time.

Exercise 18.

Translate the following sentences into English using ‘need’.

1. То, что она сделала, так глупо, что нам незачем обсуждать это.

2. Нам не к чему варить всю картошку.

3. Нам нужно переодеться к обеду?

4. У нас еще масса времени. Мы зря спешили.

5. А нам обязательно туда идти?

6. Тебе незачем тратить на них все деньги.

7. Он положил конверт на стол. «Деньги все там, --сказал он.—Можешь не пересчитывать их».

8. Ты знаешь детей. Они все ломают. Мне нет нужды говорить тебе об этом.

9. Он знал, что ему не надо никому ничего объяснять.

10. Я думаю, что нам незачем уделять ей столько внимания.

11. Тебе незачем бояться меня.

12. Нам не обязательно слушать всех ораторов.

Exercise 19.

Translate into English using ‘need’.

1. Зачем ты рассказываешь мне об этом? Мне совсем не нужно знать ее секреты.

2. Не надо спешить: до отхода поезда еще полчаса, мы можем зайти в буфет и перекусить.

3. Не нужно звонить ей еще раз. Она знает о собрании и обещала обязательно прийти.

4. Эти упражнения не нужно переписывать в тетрадь, их можно сделать устно.

5. Можешь не беспокоиться обо мне. Я сам все могу устроить.

6. Я думаю, что вам необязательно уходить так рано.

7. Вам не следовало беспокоиться. Он может все сделать сам.

8. Вам не нужно было приходить сюда.

9. Тебе не нужно идти в магазин. Я уже купила все, что хотела.

10. Вам не нужно приходить сюда.

11. Тебе не нужно покупать билеты, я уже купила два.

12. Можно и не торопиться, до отправления поезда более двадцати минут.

13. Не стоит так расстраиваться. Все будет хорошо.

14. Вы напрасно его ждете, он сейчас занят.

15. Не нужно ничего мне рассказывать, я уже все знаю.

16. Не стоит плакать, она скоро поправится.

17. Вам едва ли надо напоминать мне об этом.

18. Тебе не нужно бояться. Доктор хочет помочь тебе.

19. Вам не нужно было ждать его. Он и сам бы нашел дорогу.

Exercise 20.

Read the dialogue and comment on the verb ‘need’. Learn the dialogue by heart. Pattern your own dialogues after the dialogue.

Nora: It really is a very nice house, Mrs. Brewer.

Mrs. Brewer: The walls and woodwork will need painting, of course.

Harry: Yes, we should want them painted, shouldn’t we, Nora? Perhaps a rather lighter colour.

Nora: I’m glad there are plenty of cupboards, I need a lot of cupboards.

Harry: I didn’t notice a cupboard on the landing.

Nora: Oh, that needn’t worry us. I don’t need a cupboard on the landing, when there’s such a nice one in the bathroom.

Harry: You must have somewhere to put the linen.

Nora: Yes, but it needn’t be on the landing – the one in the bathroom will do perfectly.

Harry: It’s a pity there’s no garage.

Mrs. Brewer: Do you need a garage immediately? –You could easily build one in the garden.

Nora: Yes, Harry, need we worry about a garage now? After all, we haven’t got our car yet.

Harry: No, you’re quite right, Nora. Now, is there anything else we need discuss with Mrs. Brewer?

Nora: I don’t think so.

Harry: We must think it all over when we get home, Mrs. Brewer.

Mrs. Brewer: Oh, yes, Mr. Parker, you needn’t make your minds up at once. Matters like this need thinking over carefully.

Harry: And now we must be going.

Mrs. Brewer: Oh, need you hurry away? You mustn’t go without having a cup of tea. I’ve got one all ready here.

Harry: How very kind of you.

Nora: But really, Mrs. Brewer, you needn’t have gone to so much trouble.

Mrs. Brewer: Nonsense, Mrs. Parker! What I always say is: if there’s anything a woman needs after looking over a house, it’s a nice cup of tea! I hope you’ll take the house, and we’ll just drink to the bargain – in tea.

(From “Meet the Parkers”)

Revision Exercises (don’t) have to, needn’t (have)

Exercise 1.

Translate the following sentences into Russian. State whether the situation refers to the present or to the past. In the latter case, whether the action was or was not performed.

1. We need not bother to refuse these views.

2. They need have no fear of that.

3. We need not go into this at present.

4. You need not have shed any tears over that loss.

5. I need not have changed my suit.

6. He considered that this need not have taken place.

7. I don’t want to get up. –You don’t have to.

8. Doesn’t she have to work on Sunday?

9. If you don’t like it, you don’t have to pay for it.

10. We need not have hurried.

11. He did not have to go to the office. He could do something about those roses at last.

12. On Sundays we did not have to do the milking.

Exercise 2.

Paraphrase the following sentences. Use ‘needn’t + Perfect Infinitive’ to show that an unnecessary action was carried out. Use ‘did not have to’ to show that an action was unnecessary in the past.

Model:

1. I’m sorry I changed before dinner. Nobody else did.

I needn’t have changed before dinner. Nobody else did.

2. I’m so glad it was not necessary for me to take this examination in spring.

I’m so glad I did not have to take that examination in spring.

1. They did not make us buy a full ticket for Andy. We saved some money that way.

2. It was not necessary to explain the rules to them. They made no mistakes of this kind.

3. They did not expect us to write outlines and I wasted so much time on mine!

4. I’m sorry I bought these gloves. Mother gave me better ones for my birthday.

5. It was a comfortable journey because it was not necessary to change anywhere.

6. It is a pity you walked. There is a bus which could take you here in ten minutes.

Exercise 3.

Translate into English using ‘(don’t) have to, needn’t (have)’.

1. Можешь не отвечать на этот вопрос, если не хочешь.

2. Не обязательно вам приходить самому. Можете прислать кого-нибудь.

3. Ему незачем беспокоиться. Все будет в порядке.

4. Нам не нужно было ходить в библиотеку. У нас были все необходимые книги.

5. Много ли вам пришлось потратить времени на эту работу?

6. Оказалось, что у меня есть этот словарь, так что мне не пришлось покупать новый.

7. Вам не нужно было покупать этот словарь, у меня есть лишний экземпляр, и я с удовольствием дал бы его вам, если бы вы только попросили.

8. Разговор наш продолжался недолго, все было достаточно ясно, и нам не к чему было вдаваться в излишние подробности.

9. Ему не к чему было вдаваться в подробности: это все равно не помогло.

10. Все слова в тексте были знакомы, и им незачем было пользоваться словарем; это только отняло у них больше времени.

11. Все слова в тексте были настолько хорошо знакомы, что мне даже незачем было пользоваться словарем.

Exercise 4.

Translate into English using ‘(don’t ) have to, needn’t (have)’.

1. Нам можно было не торопиться. У нас еще много времени.

2. Вы могли и не рассказывать ей об этом. Она и так все знала.

3. Напрасно вы волновались. Все прошло хорошо.

4. Мне не надо было идти за покупками. Я все купил накануне.

5. Ему не пришлось сдавать латынь. Она у него была сдано досрочно.

6. Зря вы так далеко ходили. Эти учебники продаются в нашем магазине.

7. Я успела все сделать вчера только потому, что мне не надо было готовить обед.

8. Мамочка, зря ты столько возилась, мы все привезли с собой.

9. Мне не пришлось его долго ждать. Он пришел сразу.

10. Мне не пришлось ему ничего объяснять. Он все знал.

Exercise 5.

Translate the following sentences into English using ‘ (don`t) have to, needn`t (have)’.

1. Можете сегодня туда не ходить.

2. Можете не переписывать сочинение.

3. Можете не оставаться, если не хотите.

4. Можете не говорить ему об этом.

5. Нам можно не повторять эти правила, мы их хорошо знаем.

6. Ему можно не сдавать сейчас лексикологию.

7. Можно было и не писать сочинения.

8. Он мог и не приходить. Все уже было сделано.

9. Не к чему было так волноваться.

10. Я мог это сделать только потому, что мне не надо было идти в институт в среду.

11. Не сердитесь на меня. Конечно, я бы вчера пришла, если бы мне не надо было кончать курсовую работу.

12. Подумай только, можно было и не ходить туда.

13. Те, кто сдал работу, могут не оставаться в аудитории.

14. Можешь не соглашаться сразу. Подумай несколько дней.

15. Не к чему было покупать мне книгу, она есть в библиотеке.

16. Он жил у родственников, и ему не надо было платить за квартиру.