Vocabulary and grammar
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the passive to complete the text.
This is a can. Over two billion of them ___________every year in Britain alone (throw away). But these cans are destroying the tropical rainforests. How? The cans___________ from
aluminium (make). Aluminium _________from bauxite
(extract). Bauxite ________deep in the ground like other metals, but
in the soil (not find). Most bauxite _________in the tropical
r
ainforests
of Brazil, Guinea and Jamaica (find). Before the bauxite
__________large areas of forest _____ (can/remove, have to/cut down).
Then a power station ________ to provide the electricity, so that the
aluminium ________ from the bauxite (have to/build, can/extract).
Then roads ________ to transport the aluminium (need). So more trees
_______ (must/destroy). However, the forest _______
(needn’t/destroy). Aluminium ________ easily and cheaply
(can/recycle). But at the moment most cans _______ in the ground
again (bury). This waste _______ (should/stop). And it ______
(can/stop) in Sweden and some states of the USA, where 95 % of cans
_______ (recycle). Cans ______ to supermarkets and _______ for money
(take back/exchange). This ________ everywhere (should/do). The
tropical rainforest ______ just for drink cans (mustn’t/destroy).
II. Match the words in column a with their opposites in column b.
A B
1. efficient a bonus
2. hide b wasteful
3. freeze c seek
4. economical d ineffective
5. dissuade e melt
6. fine f persuade
III. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box in the appropriate form.
Persuade reuse fine prevent efficient recycle packaging grind melt seek mould dump |
1. The company is known for its friendly ______ service and first-rate materials.
2. You may get a heavy ______ for drink-driving. You might even go to prison.
3. Ecology graduate, aged 25, ______ interesting part-time work in the West London area.
4. The new laws are designed to _______ hunting extinct mammals.
The motto of an eco-activist is ‘Don’t let yourself be ______ into buying things that cannot be ________ or ________ ‘.
We collected all the old candles and ______ them down to make one big candle.
Some people just _______ their rubbish in the river.
The elephants _______ their food between their powerful teeth.
Why not _______ bricks by hand? It is more environmentally friendly.
IV. Match the words with their definitions.
1. Fine a making holes in the ground in order to find a liquid used
as a fuel
2. whaling b an official agreement between two or more countries
3. oil drilling c the activity of hunting and killing whales
4. tax d money that has to be paid to the government
5. treaty e money paid as a punishment
V. Translate from Ukrainian into English.
Це найефективніша та найекономніша пральна машина на ринку.
Ми хочемо по-новому покращити наші вироби, тому зараз ми активно вивчаємо думку наших покупців.
Здається, наша нова опалювальна система дуже ефективна. В домі набагато тепліше.
Сорок опечатаних контейнерів з радіоактивними відходами було скинуто в море у берегів Одеси.
Він розплавляв монети, щоб виготовляти сережки та інші прикраси.
Такі дії як мисливство та вбивство китів, буріння нафти в морі, скидання радіоактивних відходів та сплавляння лісу небезпечні для навколишнього середовища.
Він намагався переконати адміністрацію компанії використовувати джерела енергії, що самостійно відновлюються.
Повторне використання та переробка продукції може знизити і навіть запобігти забрудненню.
Приваблива упаковка допомагає краще продавати товари.
WRITING
Write a composition about one of the environmental problems from the given list. In the first paragraph, describe the problem and its consequences. In the second paragraph, offer several ways to help solve the problem.
Model:
One of the biggest problems in my city is how to dispose of all the garbage that is being produced. The city landfills are nearly full and …
The best way to solve this problem is to recycle more garbage. We should set up centers to collect papers, bottles, and other things that can be recycled. Another way …
The following phrases can be helpful:
One thing to do about it is…
Another way to stop them is…
The best way to help is…
What is more, further more, apart from this, in addition to this, besides(this), … not to mention the fact…
Indeed, naturally, obviously, needless to say, it a fact that…, as a matter of fact, actually, in practice…
Finally, lastly, all in all, taking everything into account/consideration, on the whole, all things considered, in conclusion, on balance, for the above mentioned reasons, therefore I feel that…, to sum up…
List of environmental problems:
Automobile pollution has lowered the air quality in the city.
Air pollution is threatening the health of older people and children.
The burning of gas, oil, and coal has created acid rain.
Drinking water is being contaminated due to river pollution.
The growth of cities has eaten up huge amounts of farmland.
Poverty and overcrowding are ruining the lives of people in many cities.
The use of CFCs in products like hair spray has created a hole in the ozone layer.
The city landfills are full because the garbage is not being disposed of.
UNIT 12
REVISION AND EXTENSION
WORDS TO BE LEARNED AND USED
1.to chisel 2. to be under threat of smth 3. package tour 4. cultural site 5. to industrialize 6. to travel the globe 7. to go rafting 8. fume 9. to eat away at smth 10. replica 11. theme park 12. tourist ghetto 13. to abandon 14. to broaden 15. blissful 16. to boom 17. to choke 18. to conserve 19. eco-tourist 20. endangered species 21. fragile 22. to go easy on smth 23. hiking trails 24. irreversible 25. to mitigate the environmental assault 26. a payoff 27. to promote preservation 28. to sustain 29. trash (waste junk, debris, sewage, garbage) 30. biodiversity 31. species 32. extinction (to become extinct) 33. ecosystem 34. rainforest 35. liability 36. cultivated 37. to sow 38. balance of nature
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39. natural habitat 40. to upset the balance 41. to store genetic resources 42. acid rain 43. greenhouse effect greenhouse gas 44. fossil fuel 45. leakage 46. water supply 47. to pollute (pollutant) 48. to dissolve 49. layer 50. incinerator 51. landfill site 52. to damage (to destroy, to mar, to spoil, to ruin, to harm) 53. to recycle 54. to discharge 55. to purify 56. fungus 57. fertilizer (fertility) 58. pesticide 59. to dump 60. to discard 61. hazardous 62. to pose (a problem) 63. to combat 64. to prey upon smb 65. pest 66. genetically engineered plants 67. deposit 68. motor vehicle 69. oil refinery 70. impurity 71. smog 72. poisonous 73. to reverse 74. to smelt 75. to expel 76. to alter
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77. to release 78. nutrient 79. detergent 80. substance 81. to cleanse 82. to consume 83. to spill (spillage) 84. devastating 85. to evaporate 86. global warming 87. to trap 88. to absorb 89. to radiate 90. controversial 91. dense 92. soot 93. solar 94. surface 95. emission 96. device 97. shifts in plant and animal population 98. explosion 99. safety regulations 100. violation 101. side effects 102. fusion (to fuse) 103. fast-breeder 104. IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) 105. appropriate 106. to mishandle 107. to penetrate 108. to repel 109. fine 110. packaging (wrapping) 111. whaling 112. oil drilling 113. renewable 114. to reuse 115. to recycle
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