2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What do young people discover while watching television commercials? What economic roles do they settle into?

2. What is the major difference between the roles of a consumer and a producer?

3. What are the categories in which consumer goods can be divided?

4. In what way is scarcity related to different types of resources?

3. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям.

Экономика (2 варианта), экономическое открытие, экономическая роль, товары, потребительские товары, услуги, потребитель, производитель, перепродажа, скоропортящиеся товары, сырье, ресурсы, собственность, дефицит, ограниченный, неограниченное предложение, реклама.

4. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:

1. Наши желания и потребности беспредельны, а ресурсы ограничены.

2. Люди приобретают одну из двух главных экономических ролей: потребителя или производителя.

3. Некоторые потребительские товары, например продукты питания, являются скоропортящимися товарами.

4. Выступая в роли потребителя, человек покупает товары и услуги для личного потребления.

5. Дефицит – это когда спрос превышает предложение.

V. Найдите в абзацах 2,3 словосочетания, в которых определения выражены существительными. Выпишите их и переведите на русский язык. Укажите, какие существительные являются определениями.

VI. Найдите и выпишите из текста предложения, в которых прилагательные и наречия употреблены в одной из степеней сравнения. Подчеркните эти прилагательные и наречия, определите степень сравнения.

VII. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие слова, имеющие окончания –s (-es). Определите, какую грамматическую функцию выполняют окончания –s (-es).

1. When they watch television commer­cials, they discover that there are thousands of things they or their parents could buy.

2. In the role of consumer, a person buys goods and services for personal use, not for resale.

3. Consumer goods are products, such as food, clothing, and cars, that sat­isfy people's economic needs or wants.

4. A producer makes the goods or provides the services that consumers use.

5. A person who makes lemonade and then sells it is producing goods.

VIII. Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых употребляются местоимения some, any, no или их производные. Выпишите их и переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на местоимения. Вариант № 3

I. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 3,4:

SUPPLY AND DEMAND

1. In a market economy, the actions of buyers and sellers set the prices of goods and services. The prices, in turn, determine what is produced, how it is produced, who will buy it, and what will be the mix of consumer and capital goods. Supply, the quantity of a product that suppliers will provide, is the seller's side of a market transaction. Suppliers usually want the price that allows them to make the most money. Demand, the quantity of a product consumers want, is the buyer's side of a market transaction. Buyers want the price that gives them the most value for the least cost.

2. One place to see how demand works is an auction, a market where goods are sold to the highest bidders. Because the items are sold one at a time, buyers must quickly decide what prices they are willing to pay. If not, they risk seeing the item go to someone else who is willing to pay more. Imagine now that you are at the auction with about 100 other people. The auctioneer brings out a used electric popcorn maker, and you decide you would like to own it. In order to get it you will have to outbid all the others who want it.

3. Consumers are more sensitive to some price changes than to others. You may not want to buy a car if its price goes up 10 %. But if the price of salt goes up 10%, chances are you will pay extra amount rather than go without salt. The degree to which changes in price cause changes in quantity demanded is called elasticity of demand. The number of cars demanded changes greatly as car prices change; so the demand for cars is highly elastic. The demand for salt is more inelastic: people buy nearly the same amount even though the price of salt changes.

4. There are two basic reasons for elasticity of demand. The first concerns the re­lationship between income and the cost of the product. A car, for example, may easily cost 50% of your annual income. Salt probably costs less than 50% of your annual income. The smaller the proportion of your income that a product costs, the more inelastic is its demand. The second reason why demand is elastic concerns whether or not substitute product is available.