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Section f Test

Task 1 Complete the text using the words in the box:

a) law

d) tenancy

g) possessions

j) obligations

b) movable

e) real property

h) jurisdictions

k) immovable

c) ownership

f) real estate

i) personal property

) property law

Property law is the area of ___(1)__ that governs the various forms of __(2)__ and __(3)_ in __(4)__ (land as distinct from personal or movable __(5)__) and in __(6)__, within the common law legal system. In the civil law system, there is a division between __(7)__ and immovable property. Movable property roughly corresponds to personal property, while __(8)__ property corresponds to __(9)__ or real property, and the associated rights and __(10)__ thereon.

The concept, idea or philosophy of property underlies all __(11)__. In some __(12)__, historically all property was owned by the monarch and it devolved through feudal land tenure or other feudal systems of loyalty and fealty

Task 2 Choose the correct answer.

13. Modern law ______ many of these concepts and rules into statutes, which define the types and rights of ownership in real and personal property.

a) has been incorporated b) has been incorporating c) has incorporated d) had incorporated.

14. Many foreign visitors to Ukraine are well aware that Ukraine's real estate market _____ rapidly.

a) has been developing b) have developed c) had developed d) has been developed

15. The modern law of landlord and tenant in common law jurisdictions _____ the influence of the common law.

a) retained b) retains c) retain d) has retained

16. A person _____ an interest in property under a trust established for his or her benefit by the owner of the property.

a) may obtain also b) may also be obtained c) may be obtained also d) may also obtain

17. The division of land and chattels _____ since it concentrates attention not on the proprietary interests themselves but on the objects of those interests.

a) have criticised b) criticised c) has been criticised d) was criticised

18. Non-legally recognized or documented property rights _____ as informal property rights.

a) know b) knows c) are known d) is known

19. Different parties _____ an interest in property by mistake or fraud, with the claims being inconsistent of each other.

a) may claim b) must claim c) has to claim d) can claim

20. More minor property rights ______ by contract, as in the case of easements, covenants, and equitable servitudes.

a) can create b) must create c) may be created d) may create

21 More commonly, marginalized groups ______ legal rights to own property.

a) have denied b) have been denied c) has denied d) had denied

22 Property law is ______ by a great deal of historical continuity and technical terminology.

a) characterised b) characterise c) characterises d) is characterised

23 Most of the legal concepts and rules _______ with both types of property are divided from English common law

a) associate b) associated c) associates d) associating

24 Tangible property includes ______ items as animals, merchandise, and jewelry.

a) so b) as c) such a d) such

25 The term is ______ used to declare any rights that issue from the ownership of land.

a) also b) too c) as well d) as well as

26 A guarantor cannot withdraw the guarantee ________ otherwise is stipulated in the agreement.

a) as soon as b) whether c) if d) unless

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