- •The essence of foreign trade and its role in the world economic system
- •Structure of international economy
- •National accounts systems
- •Income approach
- •4.Groups of the countries in the international economy:
- •Globalization and internationalization
- •Theme of the lecture №2. Theories of foreign trade and it’s development in the modern era
- •Theory of mercantilism
- •2. The theory of absolute advantage
- •3. The theory of comparative advantage.
- •4. The theory of comparative factor endowments and Leontief paradox.
- •5. Alternative theories of international trade
- •Theme of the lecture № 3. Trade policy: essence and main instruments
- •The essence and concept of trade policy
- •2. Economics of free trade and free trade zone
- •Advantages of tariffs
- •Disadvantages of tariffs
- •3. Trade policy in the international business
- •Theme of the lecture № 4. Tariff methods of regulation of foreign trade
- •1. Freedom of trade and protectionism
- •2. Customs tariffs and duties
- •3. Economic role of rates
- •Theme of the lecture № 5.
- •1. The essence of Non-Tariff Barriers
- •2. Types of Non-Tariff Barriers
- •Agreement on a "voluntary" export restraint
- •Embargo
- •Standards
- •Administrative and bureaucratic delays at the entrance
- •Import deposits
- •Foreign exchange restrictions and foreign exchange controls
- •3. Licenses and Quotas
- •Theme of the lecture № 6. The foreign trade and economic policy of developed countries
- •Trade Policy of United States of America
- •Trade Policy of European Union
- •1945–1990: The Cold War era
- •Rise of the European Union
- •2004–2007: Eu expansion
- •Trade policy of Japan Exports
- •Imports
- •Balance of merchandise trade
- •Import policies Postwar era
- •Tpp Questions
- •Theme of the lecture № 7. The foreign trade and economic policy of developing countries
- •Trade Policy of Latin American countries
- •Trade Policy of brics countries
- •Trade Policy of Turkey
- •Theme of the lecture № 8. The foreign trade and economic policy of countries with a transitional economy
- •Trade Policy of Union of Independent Countries
- •Trade Policy of Eastern European countries
- •Imports in 2009
- •Trade Policy of Asian countries
- •Trade (2010)
- •Theme of the lecture № 9. The foreign trade and geoeconomic policy of Republic of Kazakhstan
- •1. Foreign trade development of the Republic of Kazakhstan
- •2. Modern structure of an external economic situation and trading balance of the Republic of Kazakhstan
- •3. Analysis and forecast of foreign trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan
- •Theme of the lecture № 10. Paying balance and currency rate
- •Theory of the paying balance
- •Accounts of current transactions, capital transactions and financial transactions
- •Currency exchange rate and its versions
- •Theme of the lecture № 11. Trading balance and its regulation
- •1. Concept and structure of trading balance
- •2. Theories of trading balance
- •Keynesian theory
- •Monetarist theory
- •3. Regulation of trading balance
- •Theme of the lecture № 12. Policy of investment attraction in developed and developing countries
- •1. Essence, purposes and tasks of investments
- •2. International and foreign investments
- •Platform fdi
- •Foreign direct investment in the United States
- •Foreign direct investment in China
- •Foreign direct investment in India
- •3. International corporations
- •4. International borrowing and crediting
- •Theme of the lecture № 13. Foreign trade services and its regulation
- •1. The international transactions in service trade
- •1. Intangibility
- •2. Perishability
- •3. Inseparability
- •4. Simultaneity
- •5. Variability
- •2. Services of the international transport
- •3. International trips
- •4. State regulation of international trade by services
- •Theme of the lecture № 14.
- •International economic integration
- •1. Formation of integration processes
- •2. Types of integration associations
- •3. Regional integration (geoeconomics)
- •Theme of the lecture № 15. Republic of Kazakhstan and World Trade Organization
- •1. History, purposes and principles of the wto
- •2. Procedures of the introduction and wto membership
- •Members and observers
- •3. Prospects of the entry of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the wto
Theme of the lecture № 13. Foreign trade services and its regulation
1. The international transactions in service trade
2. Services of the international transport
3. International trips
4. State regulation of international trade by services
1. The international transactions in service trade
In economics, a service is an intangible commodity. More specifically, services are an intangible equivalent of economic goods.
Service provision is often an economic activity where the buyer does not generally, except by exclusive contract, obtain exclusive ownership of the thing purchased. The benefits of such a service, if priced, are held to be self-evident in the buyer's willingness to pay for it. Public services are those societies as a whole pays for through taxes and other means.
By composing and orchestrating the appropriate level of resources, skill, ingenuity, and experience for effecting specific benefits for service consumers, service providers participate in an economy without the restrictions of carrying inventory (stock) or the need to concern themselves with bulky raw materials. On the other hand, their investment in expertise does require consistent service marketing and upgrading in the face of competition which has equally few physical restrictions. Many so-called services, however, require large physical structures and equipment, and consume large amounts of resources, such as transportation services and the military. Providers of services make up the tertiary sector of the economy.
Services can be paraphrased in terms of their generic key characteristics.
1. Intangibility
Services are intangible and insubstantial: they cannot be touched, gripped, handled, looked at, smelled, tasted. Thus, there is neither potential nor need for transport, storage or stocking of services. Furthermore, a service can be (re)sold or owned by somebody, but it cannot be turned over from the service provider to the service consumer. Solely, the service delivery can be commissioned to a service provider who must generate and render the service at the distinct request of an authorized service consumer.
2. Perishability
Services are perishable in two regards
The service relevant resources, processes and systems are assigned for service delivery during a definite period in time. If the designated or scheduled service consumer does not request and,l. An empty seat on a plane never can be utilized and charged after departure.
When the service has been completely rendered to the requesting service consumer, this particular service irreversibly vanishes as it has been consumed by the service consumer. Example: the passenger has been transported to the destination and cannot be transported again to this location at this point in time.
3. Inseparability
The service provider is indispensable for service delivery as he must promptly generate and render the service to the requesting service consumer. In many cases the service delivery is executed automatically but the service provider must preparatorily assign resources and systems and actively keep up appropriate service delivery readiness and capabilities. Additionally, the service consumer is inseparable from service delivery because he is involved in it from requesting it up to consuming the rendered benefits. Examples: The service consumer must sit in the hair dresser's shop & chair or in the plane & seat; correspondingly, the hair dresser or the pilot must be in the same shop or plane, respectively, for delivering the service.