- •The essence of foreign trade and its role in the world economic system
- •Structure of international economy
- •National accounts systems
- •Income approach
- •4.Groups of the countries in the international economy:
- •Globalization and internationalization
- •Theme of the lecture №2. Theories of foreign trade and it’s development in the modern era
- •Theory of mercantilism
- •2. The theory of absolute advantage
- •3. The theory of comparative advantage.
- •4. The theory of comparative factor endowments and Leontief paradox.
- •5. Alternative theories of international trade
- •Theme of the lecture № 3. Trade policy: essence and main instruments
- •The essence and concept of trade policy
- •2. Economics of free trade and free trade zone
- •Advantages of tariffs
- •Disadvantages of tariffs
- •3. Trade policy in the international business
- •Theme of the lecture № 4. Tariff methods of regulation of foreign trade
- •1. Freedom of trade and protectionism
- •2. Customs tariffs and duties
- •3. Economic role of rates
- •Theme of the lecture № 5.
- •1. The essence of Non-Tariff Barriers
- •2. Types of Non-Tariff Barriers
- •Agreement on a "voluntary" export restraint
- •Embargo
- •Standards
- •Administrative and bureaucratic delays at the entrance
- •Import deposits
- •Foreign exchange restrictions and foreign exchange controls
- •3. Licenses and Quotas
- •Theme of the lecture № 6. The foreign trade and economic policy of developed countries
- •Trade Policy of United States of America
- •Trade Policy of European Union
- •1945–1990: The Cold War era
- •Rise of the European Union
- •2004–2007: Eu expansion
- •Trade policy of Japan Exports
- •Imports
- •Balance of merchandise trade
- •Import policies Postwar era
- •Tpp Questions
- •Theme of the lecture № 7. The foreign trade and economic policy of developing countries
- •Trade Policy of Latin American countries
- •Trade Policy of brics countries
- •Trade Policy of Turkey
- •Theme of the lecture № 8. The foreign trade and economic policy of countries with a transitional economy
- •Trade Policy of Union of Independent Countries
- •Trade Policy of Eastern European countries
- •Imports in 2009
- •Trade Policy of Asian countries
- •Trade (2010)
- •Theme of the lecture № 9. The foreign trade and geoeconomic policy of Republic of Kazakhstan
- •1. Foreign trade development of the Republic of Kazakhstan
- •2. Modern structure of an external economic situation and trading balance of the Republic of Kazakhstan
- •3. Analysis and forecast of foreign trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan
- •Theme of the lecture № 10. Paying balance and currency rate
- •Theory of the paying balance
- •Accounts of current transactions, capital transactions and financial transactions
- •Currency exchange rate and its versions
- •Theme of the lecture № 11. Trading balance and its regulation
- •1. Concept and structure of trading balance
- •2. Theories of trading balance
- •Keynesian theory
- •Monetarist theory
- •3. Regulation of trading balance
- •Theme of the lecture № 12. Policy of investment attraction in developed and developing countries
- •1. Essence, purposes and tasks of investments
- •2. International and foreign investments
- •Platform fdi
- •Foreign direct investment in the United States
- •Foreign direct investment in China
- •Foreign direct investment in India
- •3. International corporations
- •4. International borrowing and crediting
- •Theme of the lecture № 13. Foreign trade services and its regulation
- •1. The international transactions in service trade
- •1. Intangibility
- •2. Perishability
- •3. Inseparability
- •4. Simultaneity
- •5. Variability
- •2. Services of the international transport
- •3. International trips
- •4. State regulation of international trade by services
- •Theme of the lecture № 14.
- •International economic integration
- •1. Formation of integration processes
- •2. Types of integration associations
- •3. Regional integration (geoeconomics)
- •Theme of the lecture № 15. Republic of Kazakhstan and World Trade Organization
- •1. History, purposes and principles of the wto
- •2. Procedures of the introduction and wto membership
- •Members and observers
- •3. Prospects of the entry of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the wto
Globalization and internationalization
Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. Globalization describes the interplay across cultures of macro-social forces. These forces include religion, politics, and economics. Globalization can erode and universalize the characteristics of a local group. Advances in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure, including the rise of the Internet, are major factors in globalization, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities.
Though several scholars place the origins of globalization in modern times, others trace its history long before the European age of discovery and voyages to the New World. Some even trace the origins to the third millennium BCE. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the pace of globalization has proceeded at an exponential rate.
In 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalization: trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people and the dissemination of knowledge. Further, environmental challenges such as climate change, cross-boundary water and air pollution, and over-fishing of the ocean are linked with globalization. Globalizing processes affect and are affected by business and work organization, economics, socio-cultural resources, and the natural environment.
Economic globalization is the increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border movement of goods, service, technology and capital. Whereas the globalization of business is centered around the diminution of international trade regulations as well as tariffs, taxes, and other impediments that suppresses global trade, economic globalization is the process of increasing economic integration between countries, leading to the emergence of a global marketplace or a single world market. Depending on the paradigm, economic globalization can be viewed as either a positive or a negative phenomenon.
Economic globalization comprises the globalization of production, markets, competition, technology, and corporations and industries. Current globalization trends can be largely accounted for by developed economies integrating with less developed economies, by means of foreign direct investment, the reduction of trade barriers as well as other economic reforms and, in many cases, immigration.
In economics, internationalization has been viewed as a process of increasing involvement of enterprises in international markets, although there is no agreed definition of internationalization or international entrepreneurship. There are several internationalization theories which try to explain why there are international activities.
The list of used basic literature:
Oatley T. International Political Economy / Thomas Oatley. – fifth edition- Boston: Longman, 2012- 416 p.
Pugel T.A. International Economics: / Thomas A. Pugel – fifteenth edition – New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012 – 770 p.
King P. International Economics, Globalization and Policy: a reader / Philip King, Sharmila King - fifth edition - New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009 – 376 p.
Feenstra R.C. (2004), Advanced International Trade. Theory and Evidence, Princeton University Press.
James Rauch (2008). "growth and international trade," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. 2nd Edition. Abstract.
M. June Flanders (2008). "international economics, history of," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. 2nd Edition. Abstract.
Reuven Glick (2008). "macroeconomic effects of international trade" The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. 2nd Edition. Abstract.
Smith, Charles (2007). International Trade and Globalisation, 3rd edition. Stocksfield: Anforme. ISBN 1-905504-10-1.
Stanley W. Black (2008). "international monetary institutions," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. 2nd Edition. Abstract.
Paul R. Krugman International Economics: theory and policy: / Paul R. Krugman – seventh edition- Boston: 2006
Cr. W. Kegley American Foreign Policy: pattern and process / Cr. W. Kegley – 2009
Caves R.E. World Trade and Payments: an introduction / Caves R.E. – Boston, 2007