- •Аракин 2 курс.Grammar exercises
- •The indicative mood
- •Revision exercises on tense and voice
- •(To Units One—Three)
- •1. A) Comment at» the use of the Present Indefinite and the Present Continuous:
- •B) Use the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous instead of the infinitives in brackets:
- •2. Translate the sentences into English, using I hear and I am told where possible:
- •3. A) Comment on the Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous:
- •B) Use the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous instead of, the infinitives in brackets:
- •C) Translate these sentences into Russian:
- •4. Use the Past Indefinite or the Present Perfect instead of the infinitives in brackets:
- •5. A) Comment on the Past Indefinite, the Past Continuous, the Past Perfect and the Past Perfect Continuous:
- •B) Use the required past tense instead of the infinitives in brackets:
- •6. Translate the sentences into English, paying attention to the use of tenses:
- •7. A) Comment on the use of the future tenses (the Future Indefinite, the Future Continuous and the Future Perfect):
- •B) Use the required future or present tense instead of tee infinitives in brackets where necessary:
- •8. Use the reguired tense instead of the infinitives in brackets:
- •9. Replace the Infinitives in brackets by the required tense, paying attention to the sequence of tenses:
- •10. Change the following from direct into indirect speech:
- •11. Use the required teases instead of the infinitives in brackets:
- •12. Think of a suitable context to use the following sentences:
- •13. Translate these sentences Into English:
- •14. Use the required tenses instead of the infinitives in brackets:
- •15. Comment on the use of tenses in the following sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •16. Use the required tenses instead of the infinitives in brackets and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •17. Use the required tenses instead of the infinitives in brackets and comment on their use:
- •I8. Pay attention to the use of the Continuous tenses. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •The subjunctive mood and the conditional mood (To Units One—Three)
- •19. Name the oblique moods used in the following sentences and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •20. Comment on the mood of the verb in the following sentences:
- •21. Complete the following sentences a) using the Conditional Mood;
- •B) using the Subjunctive Mood:
- •22. Supply the correct mood of the verbs in brackets:
- •23. Change into sentences of unreal condition:
- •24. Translate these sentences into English:
- •25. Comment on the use of the Subjunctive Mood and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •26. Supply the correct mood of the verbs in brackets:
- •27. Comment on the use of the Conditional Mood and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •28. Translate the sentences into English, paying attention to the use of the Conditional Mood:
- •29. Supply the correct mood of the verbs in brackets:
- •30. Translate the sentences into English paying attention to the use of the Subjunctive and the Conditional:
- •31. Comment on the use of the Old Present Subjunctive and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •Modal verbs1
- •33. Comment on the form and meaning of the verb can. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •34. Use the verb can in the correct form followed by the appropriate infinitive:
- •35. Translate Into English, using; the verb can;
- •36. Comment on the form and meaning of the verb may. Translate the sentences into Russsian:
- •37. Translate these sentences into English, using the verb may.
- •38. Fill in the blanks with the verbs can or may in the correct form:
- •39. Point out the oblique moods and modal phrases with can and may. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •40. Translate these sentences into English, using can or may.
- •41. Comment on the meaning of the verb must. Translate the sentences into Russian;
- •42. Translate the following sentences Into English:
- •43. Change the following sentences from Active into Passive:
- •44. Fill in the blanks with the verbs can, may or must:
- •45, Translate these sentences into English, using the verbs can, may, mash
- •46. Comment on the meaning of have to. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •47. Fill in the blanks with must or have to:
- •48. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative:
- •49. Change the following statements into disjunctive questions:
- •51. Comment on the use of must, have to, be to and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •52. Comment on the meaning of the verb need:
- •53. Fill in the blanks with didn't have to or needn't have:
- •54. Fill in the blanks with mast, have to, be to or need:
- •55. Translate the sentences into English, using must, ham to, be to or need:
- •56. Comment on the meaning of the verb ought. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •57. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use ought (oughtn't) followed by a correct form of the infinitive:
- •58. Fill in the blanks with ought, have to, be to or need followed by the appropriate infinitive:
- •59. Comment on the meaning of the verb should. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •60. State whether should is auxiliary or modal:
- •61. Translate the sentences into English, using must, ought, should, need, have to or be to:
- •62. Comment on the use of should for the sake of emotional colouring. Pay attention to the structure of the sentences and the word combination it is found in:
- •63. Pay attention to the use of should in subordinate clauses after some verbs and expressions.2 Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •64. Fill in the blanks with mast, should or need:
- •Shall, will
- •65. Comment on the modal colouring of the following sentences with shall:
- •66. Comment on the meaning of will and would. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •67. Comment on the meaning of shall and will. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •68. Replace shall and will with the suggested alternative verb, making any necessary changes:
- •69. Fill in the blanks with should or would:
- •70. Translate the sentences into English, using should or would:
- •Revision exercises on mood and modal verbs
- •71. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the appropriate oblique mood:
- •72. Answer the following questions:
- •73. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the correct form of the oblique moods:
- •74. Translate these sentences into English:
- •75. Translate the following sentences Sato English. Pay attention to the use of the oblique moods;
- •76. Complete the following sentences:
- •77. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the correct form of the oblique mood:
- •78. Translate these sentences into English. Pay attention to the use of the oblique moods:
- •79. Comment on the meaning of the modal verbs and translate the sentences into Russian;
- •80. Use the verbs can oi may.
- •81. Fill in the blanks with should, need, hare to with the appropriate form of the Infinitive:
- •82. Translate the sentences into English, using modal verbs:
- •83. Insert tee appropriate modal verb:
- •84. Translate the sentences into English using modal verbs:
- •87. Use the appropriate foia» of the infinitives in brackets:
- •88. Translate these sentences Into English, paying attention to the form of the infinitive:
- •(To Units Seven—Nine) The Infinitive
- •85. Comment on the forms of the infinitives:
- •86. Supply the missing forms of the following infinitives:
- •89. Put to where necessary before the infinitives:
- •90. Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the use of the particle to, which implies the verb already mentioned:
- •91. Respond to the following questions or statements, using the phrases from the list in brackets:
- •94. Make up sentences, using the following phrases with attributive infinitives:
- •95. Translate these sentences into English, using attributive infinitives:
- •96. Point out Infinitives of result and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •97. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use infinitives of result:
- •98. Translate the sentences into English, using infinitives of result:
- •99. State the functions of infinitives in the following sentences:
- •100. Translate the sentences into English, using infinitives:
- •101. Paraphrase the following sentences, making the object of the infinitive the subject of the sentence:
- •102. Make up sentences, using the following adjectives with infinitives (follow the examples of the previous exercise):
- •103. Point out the Complex Object and the Complex Subject with the Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •104. Translate the sentences into English, using the Complex Object or the Complex Subject:
- •105. Replace the clauses in the following sentences with infinitive phrases:
- •106. Comment on the infinitive phrases and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •107. Paraphrase, using "for-phrases" with infinitives:
- •108. Complete the following, using a suitable infinitive phrase:
- •109. Make up sentences, using the following infinitive phrases parenthetically:
- •110. Translate the sentences into English, using infinitives:
- •The Gerund
- •111. Point out the Gerund and comment on its noun and verb characteristics. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •112. Use the appropriate form of the Gerund of the verbs in brackets:
- •113. Use the appropriate form of the Gerund and insert prepositions where necessary:
- •114. Comment on the functions of the Gerund in the following serlences:
- •115. Use the appropriate form of the Gerund. Insert prepositions where necessary:
- •116. Translate these sentences into English, using the Gerund:
- •117. Point out complexes with the Gerund and comment on their function? in the following sentences;
- •118. Make up sentences, using the Gerund after the following verbs:
- •119. Point out gerunds and verbal nouns. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •120. Translate into English, using the Gerund:
- •121. Use the Gerund instead of the subordinate clauses. Insert prepositions if necessary:
- •122. Complete the following, using the Gerund:
- •123. Translate the sentences Into English, using the Gerund;
- •The Participles
- •124. Point out the First Participle and state its functions in the sentence:
- •125. Use the appropriate form of the First Participle of the verbs brackets:
- •126. Translate the sentences into English, using the First Participle:
- •127. Point out the Complex Object with the First Participle. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •128. Use the Infinitive or the First Participle of the verbs in brackets to form a Complex Object:
- •129. Point out the "Nominative Absolute" construction and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •130. Translate the sentences Into English, using the First Participle:
- •131. Replace the attributive and adverbial clauses in the following sentences by participle phrases:
- •132. Replace the participle phrases in the following sentences by attributive or adverbial clauses:
- •133. Translate the sentences into English, using attributive participle phrases, where possible:
- •134. Point out the Second Participle and state its functions in the sentence:
- •133. Replace the attributive clauses in the following sentences by phrases with the Second Participle, where possible:
- •136. A) Translate the following word-groups into English. Pay attention to the place of the Second Participle:
- •B) Make up sentences with the word-groups you have translated.
- •137. Point out the Complex Objects with the Second Participle. Translate the sentences into Russian;
- •Revision exercises on the verbais
- •138. State the function of the Infinitive in the following sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •139. Complete the following sentences, using infinitives or infinitive constructions:
- •140. Use the Gerund or the Infinitive of the verbs in brackets. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions:
- •141. Translate the sentences into English, using the Gerund:
- •142. State whether the -ing- form is a participle, a gerund or a verbal noun:
- •143. Point out the verbals and comment on them:
52. Comment on the meaning of the verb need:
1. He needs sea air. 2. We don't need anything else. 3.1 need not finish my sentence, for you already know what I was going to say. 4. Need it be finished by Saturday? 5. What more do you need? 6. He need say no more to her this evening, and risk giving himself away. 7. You needn't have carried all these parcels yourself. The shop would have delivered them if you had asked them. 8. You needn't take any more pills after next Monday. 9.1 must go at once, but you needn't. 10. You needn't have waited for me, I could have found the way. all right. 11. Looking back I can see exactly how it happened. It need never have happened. 12. And he was always careful to have money in his pocket, and to be modish in his dress, so that his son need not blush for him.
53. Fill in the blanks with didn't have to or needn't have:
1. You ... (to bring) your umbrella, as we are going by car. 2. You ... (to water) the flowers, as it is going to rain. 3. I ... (to translate) it for him, he did it himself, he understands Latin. 4. I... (to answer) the questions, which saved me a lot of trouble. 5. I knew I ... (to lock) the door after me, but how was I to know you wanted to come out, too? 6.1... (to ring) the bell because the door opened before I got to it. 7. I... (to help) them at all, they themselves knew what to do. 8. I ... (to write) him because the news was already known to him. He phoned me shortly afterwards. 9. You ... (to listen) to him. His information was misleading. 10. You ... (to buy) such a lot of flowers. We've already got more than necessary. 11. He... (to get up) so early every day. It was only on that particular occasion that he did. 12. You ... (to say) if you didn't want to. We could have done without you just as well.
54. Fill in the blanks with mast, have to, be to or need:
1. You ... not (to bring) your books to class tomorrow, we are going to listen to a wireless programme. 2. I'm glad the lessons will begin later now. The children won't... (to get up) so early. 3. You ... not (to learn) the poem. You ... only (to read) it. 4. Children ... not (to play) with matches. 5. It was late, and they ...(to light) a fire to cook their supper. 6. You ... (to give) it back to me before you go. 7. You ... not (to be) late for the concert. 8.1 made a few mistakes, so I... (to do) the whole exercise again. 9.1... hardly (to say) how important it is. 10. She ... (to be married) next month. 11. You... not (to miss) that film, it is extraordinary good. 12. You ... not (to strike) a match; I can see well enough. 13. Jim ... (to make) a speech at the meeting, but he had fallen ill, so Tom ... (to speak) instead, 14. You ... not (to bring) any food with you tomorrow. I'll have enough for both of us. 15. We ... (to be) there at 12 sharp. 16, We ... not (to wait) long. A bus came almost at once. 17. You ... (to learn) the whole poem.
55. Translate the sentences into English, using must, ham to, be to or need:
1. Зря мы вышли из дому так рано, поезда не будет в течение часа. 2. Мы можем не спешить. Нам не нужно быть там раньше 8.30. 3. Вы не должны следовать их примеру. Это было бы глупо с вашей стороны. 4. Интересно, надо ли приносить с собой учебники? 5. Мне не пришлось запирать дверь, кто-то уже запер ее. 6. «Если завтра будет сильный мороз, — сказала мать, — тебе можно будет не ходить в школу». 7. Вам незачем беспокоиться, они скоро вернутся. Наверное, задержались на набережной Темзы у здания Парламента: их всё здесь интересует. 8. Не нужно забывать, что в Ист-Энде живут те, кто своим трудом обеспечивают жизнь этого огромного города. 9. Вам не обязательно продолжать, я знаю, вы скажете, что среди архитектурных памятников Лондона особое внимание привлекает Вестминстерское аббатство, построенное в XIII веке. 10. Они должны были встретиться на мосту Ватерлоо в 6 пополудни. 11. Что мне рассказать нашим гостям о поездке в Лондон? — Опиши им церемонию караула у ворот лондонского Тауэра. 12. Она сказала, в какое время мы должны были прийти, и попросила не опаздывать. 13. Мы решили, что дети не должны идти туда одни. 14. Нет нужды упоминать, что Кремль — выдающийся музей и памятник старины. Это всем известно. 15. Мне пришлось принять это приглашение, хотя я очень неважно себя чувствовал. Я не хотел обидеть своих новых друзей. 16. Он знал, что ему, возможно, придется прожить там больше месяца. 17. Спроси старосту, кто сегодня должен принести наушники на урок фонетики. 18. Вчера мы должны были навестить Аню в больнице и поэтому не могли зайти к тебе.
ought